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CPAT > Thrombosis > Flashcards

Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is atherothrombosis?

A

Inflammatory disease of the arterial wall

Combined effects of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis

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2
Q

T/F:

Atherothrombosis is more prevalent in women

A

False

Males

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3
Q

When does atherothrombosis start to develop in people? (What age)

A

Starts early in childhood

progresses asymptomatically through adult life

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4
Q

What are the three clinical manifestations of atherthrombosis?

A

Acute Coronary Syndromes
Cerebrovascular Accident
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

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5
Q

What three events occur as part of acute coronary syndromes?

A

Acute myocardial infarction
Angina pectoris
Ischaemic sudden death

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6
Q

What two events occur as part of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

A

Stroke

Transient ischaemic attack

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7
Q

What is a thrombectomy?

A

Clot retrieval

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8
Q

What is claudication and what disease is it normally a part of?

A

A part of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD)
Pain in the calves following exercise
Due to fixed obstruction of blood flow in major arteries to the leg

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9
Q

What are the four main stages of the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis?

A

Endothelial dysfunction
Fatty streak formation
Advanced complication lesion
Unstable fibrous plaque

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10
Q

What might you see in an advanced complicated lesion?

A

Formation of a fibrous cap
Macrophages accumulate
Formation of a necrotic core

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11
Q

T/F:

Haemorrhages occur in fatty streaks

A

False

Occur in unstable plaques

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12
Q

T/F:

Activated endothelial surface expresses E-Cadherin

A

False

expresses P-selectin

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13
Q

Which platelet receptors interact with endothelium P-selectin?

A

GPIb and PSGL-1

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14
Q

T/F:

Firm adhesion of platelets to the endothelium is mediated by b2 integrins

A

False

B3 integrins

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15
Q

What do adherent platelets induce?

A

Induce leukocyte activation and endothelial inflammation

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16
Q

When monocytes recruit to the area, what do they turn into and produce?

A

Turn into macrophages and produce tissue factor

17
Q

Where does endothelial cell dysfunction occur?

A

Arterial branch points with disturbed blood flow

18
Q

T/F:

Asprin can prevent initial platelet adhesion

A

False

cannot do this

19
Q

Which of the two anti-thrombotic drugs has the highest efficacy? Aspirin or Clopidogrel?

A

Clopidogrel

20
Q

What do GP IIb/IIa inhibitors do as anti-thrombotic drugs?

A

They inhibit platelet adhesion receptors

21
Q

What does aspirin and clopidogrel do as anti-thrombotic drugs?

A

Inhibit platelet activation

22
Q

T/F:

When there is vessel injury, the endothelium vasodilates

A

False

It vasoconstricts

23
Q

Which types of enzymes remove the fibrin clot?

A

Fibrinolytic enzymes

24
Q

What are the three types of pro-coagulant complexes that form?

A

Extrinsic X-ase
Intrinsic X-ase
Prothrombinase

25
Q

T/F:

If you lack antithrombin you can clot badly

A

True
Antithrombin inhibits thrombrin
Thrombin is involved in clots
Without antithrombin, thrombin can’t be neutralised

26
Q

What do protein C and S inactivate?

A

co-factors VIIIa and Va

27
Q

T/F:

When you lack factor VIIIa, you clot bad

A

False
Factor VIIIa is involved in stabilising the clotting complex
Without this factor, you can’t clot well and tend to bleed, can be haemophilic

28
Q

What is the role of plasmin?

A

Major protease of the fibrinolytic system, acts to digest fibrin to fibrin degradation products

29
Q

T/F:

Too much of anti-coagulants results in excessive clots

A

False

Leads to bleeding and not enough clots

30
Q

What does prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time measure?

A

How quickly blood clots

31
Q

T/F:

Prothrombin time measures the intrinsic pathway

A

False

Measures extrinsic pathway

32
Q

You might have a prolonged APTT due to deficiency in _____

A

factor VIII

Hameophilia A

33
Q

What occurs when you have too may pro-coagulants?

A

Leads to thrombosis

34
Q

What happens when you have a mutation in factor V Leiden?

A

Prothrombin gene mutation
Increases their thrombotic activity
Causes Thrombophilia

35
Q

What is a main concern in terms of complications of deep vein thrombosis?

A

The clot could move to lungs and you could die from a pulmonary embolism

CPAT (9 decks)

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