Immune

Question 1

What are some sites of pathogen entry?

Answer 1

Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
Urogenital tract
Cornea and conujctiva
Epidermis
Insect can inject directly into the blood stream when taking a blood meal

Question 2

Which two antibody isotopes are commonly found in the innate immune system?

Answer 2

IgM and IgA

Question 3

T/F:

Complement proteins can form membrane attack complexes as a part of the adaptive immune response

Answer 3

False

innate immune response

Question 4

List some cellular components of the innate immune response

Answer 4

Granulocytes- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
DC
NK cells
Blood monocytes 
phagocytic cells
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC)

Question 5

T/F:

Innate immune response recognises PAMPS and DAMPS

Answer 5

True
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
Damage associated molecular patterns

Question 6

T/F:

Toll like receptors recognise DAMPS

Answer 6

False

recognise PAMPs

Question 7

T/F:

Toll like receptors are only extracellular

Answer 7

False

intracellular and extracellular

Question 8

What are some general innate functions?

Answer 8

Immediate
Homeostasis
Modulates adaptive response
Reduces pathogen load

Question 9

What are some characteristics of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 9

Specificity
Memory
self-limitation
Diversity
Starts after the innate respone

Question 10

T/F:

Th2 is anti-viral/bacterial

Answer 10

False
anti parasitic
Th1 is anti viral/bacterial

Question 11

How do cells know where the infection is?

Answer 11

Chemokines and cytokines attract the cells to the specific area

Question 12

Explain how the vessels change to allow cells to reach the targeted area

Answer 12

Chemokines dilate the blood vessels
More blood flows through= more cells passing through= more chance they will touch the endothelial cells
Cell rolls, attaches firmly, migrates into the tissue via a chemoattractant gradient

Question 13

Ly6Chi is an ____ monocyte with _____ receptor. The receptor is specific for ____ cytokine. This receptor allows it to migrate into the _____.

Answer 13

inflammatory monocyte
Receptor is specific for CCL2 cytokine
This receptor allows it to migrate into the brain

Question 14

Where do antigen presenting cells activate naive b and t cells?

Answer 14

In the lymph node (generally)

Can also take place afferently, could form germinal centres right near the focus

Question 15

What are the 4 general phases of the immune response?

Answer 15

Recognition
Activation
Execution
Control

Question 16

APC must ____ the pathogen and ____ it to break it down into small _____

Answer 16

Phagocytose
process
peptides

Question 17

Antigen presenting cells express two types of molecules (main ones). What are they?

Answer 17

MHC Class I and II

Question 18

What are langerhans cells?

Answer 18

antigen presenting dendritic cells of epithelial areas

Question 19

Where do DCs originate?

Answer 19

Bone marrow

Question 20

T/F:

CD4 T cells bind to MHC Class I

Answer 20

False
they bind to MHC Class II
CD8 cells bind to MHC Class I

Question 21

Distinguish between affinity and avidity

Answer 21

Affinity= how tightly they bind, can be measured, on and off time

Avidity= how many of them are ‘on’ even if the affinity isn’t that high

Question 22

How is the immune response controlled?

Answer 22

Presence of the antigen
Affinity maturation
Memory
Tolerance