Thrombocytopenias

Question 1

What are the hallmarks of DIC?

Answer 1

D- elevated D dimer
D- dripping (oozing from orifices, or at sites of insertion)
I- ill (seen only in very sick patients)
C- clotting (throwing clots all over the body)

Question 2

What is the pathophys of DIC?

Answer 2

These patients are in a state of chronic infection or inflammation –> start throwing clots everywhere (thrombosis) and have no circulating clotting factors to prevent bleeding elsewhere (thrombocytopenia)

Question 3

What are the hallmarks of HUS?

Answer 3

H-hamburger (usually triggered by ingesting E. coli in undercooked ground beef)
U-urinary sx (HUSS characterized by primarily renal issues)
S- shitting (Diarrhea, sometimes bloody, is a common sx)
S- school aged (common in kids, usually under 5 y/o)

Question 4

What is the pathophys of HUS?

Answer 4

Ingest undercooked meat (usually) → Endothelial injury due to ingested exotoxins (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7) leads to damage of vessels → microvascular thrombosis at site of damage → microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and kidney injury

Question 5

What are the hallmarks of hemophilia A and B?

Answer 5

Hemarthrosis (bleeding in joints, not seen in VWD)

Question 6

What do protein S and C inhibit?

Answer 6

Factors V and VIII

Question 7

What is factor V leidein?

Answer 7

Mutation in factor V where it does not turn off in response to Protein C –> no turning off thrombin or factor V = increased clotting