Endocrine Hormones

Question 1

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus

Answer 1

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Somatostatin or somatotropin release inhibiting hormone (SRIF)
Dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (DIF)
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 2

Function of TRH

Answer 2

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin from anterior pituitary

Question 3

Function of CRH

Answer 3

Stimulates secretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary

Question 4

Function of GnRH

Answer 4

Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

Question 5

Function of SRIF

Answer 5

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone

Question 6

Function of DIF

Answer 6

Inhibits secretion of prolactin

Question 7

Function of GHRH

Answer 7

Stimulates secretion of growth hormone

Question 8

Hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

Answer 8

TSH
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 9

Function of TSH

Answer 9

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Question 10

Function of FSH

Answer 10

Stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes; stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

Question 11

Function of LH

Answer 11

Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes; stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

Question 12

Function of growth hormone

Answer 12

Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

Question 13

Function of prolactin

Answer 13

Stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

Question 14

Function of ACTH

Answer 14

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormone (cortisol, aldosterone, androgens)

Question 15

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

Answer 15

Oxytocin
ADH

Question 16

Function of oxytocin

Answer 16

Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

Question 17

Function of ADH

Answer 17

Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts in kidneys and constriction of arterioles

Question 18

Hormones secreted by the thyroid

Answer 18

Triiodothyronine (T3, more active)
L-thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin

Question 19

Function of T3 and T4

Answer 19

Stimulate skeletal growth, oxygen consumption, heat production, protein/fat/carbohydrate utilization, perinatal maturation of the CNS

Question 20

Function of calcitonin

Answer 20

Decreases serum [Ca2+]

Question 21

Hormones secreted by the parathyroid

Answer 21

PTH

Question 22

Function of PTH

Answer 22

Increases serum [Ca2+]

Question 23

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

Answer 23

Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)

Question 24

Function of cortisol

Answer 24

Stimulates gluconeogenesis; inhibits inflammatory responses and immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines

Question 25

Function of aldosterone

Answer 25

Increase renal Na+ reabsorption, K+ secretion, and H+ secretion

Question 26

Hormones secreted by testes

Answer 26

Testosterone

Question 27

Function of testosterone

Answer 27

Stimulates spermatogenesis and male secondary sex characteristics development

Question 28

Hormones secreted by ovaries

Answer 28

Estradiol Progesterone

Question 29

Function of estradiol

Answer 29

Stimulates growth and development of F repro system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion, maintains pregnancy

Question 30

Function of progesterone

Answer 30

Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle; maintains pregnancy

Question 31

Hormones secreted by pancreas

Answer 31

Insulin (beta cells) Glucagon (alpha cells)

Question 32

Function of insulin

Answer 32

Decrease blood glucose

Question 33

Function of glucagon

Answer 33

Increase blood glucose

Question 34

Hormones secreted by the kidney

Answer 34

Renin 1,25-dihydroxycholcalciferol

Question 35

Function of renin

Answer 35

Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I to increase sodium and water reabsorption

Question 36

Function of 1,25-dihydroxycholcalciferol

Answer 36

Increase intestinal reabsorption of Ca2+; bone mineralization

Question 37

Hormones secreted from adrenal medulla

Answer 37

Norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 38

Function of NE/E

Answer 38

Sympathetic nervous system responses