thrombocytopenia Flashcards
1
Q
- Direct damage of endothelium due to toxin, infection or drug.
- SHIGA toxin produced by toxigenic strain of E-COLI O157:H7
- Toxin damages the endothelial cells within the glomeruli and promotes the adhesion of platelets and trapping of RBCs.
- Medicines like calcinuerin inhibitors (tacrolimus, cyclosporine) and cytotoxic drugs ( mitomycin C , cisplatin & Bleomycin) can induce it by direct damage to endothelial cells.
A
HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME -
HUS
2
Q
hemolytic uremic syndrome treatment
A
- Reducing the spread of Shiga-toxin
producing E-coli is vital. - Plasma exchange is standard of care in adults.
- Aggressive antibiotic therapy appears to be beneficial for reducing seizures and death
3
Q
- caused by circulating anti platelet antibodies
- children: acute ITP and rarely have chronic variant
- adults: chronic recurring disorder
- viral illness like HIV or Hepatitis C may induce it
A
idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura
4
Q
wet bleeding
- excessive mucocutaneous bleeding
- epistaxis
- gingival bleeding
- patechae
- ecchymosis
- retinal hemorrhage
- no splenomegaly
- normal CBC except thrombocytopenia
- peripheral smear shows large platelets and no schistocytes
A
idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura signs and symptoms
5
Q
idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura treatment
A
- monitor platelet levels
- glucocorticocoids (prednisone or dexamethasone)
- IVIG
- anti D immunoglobulins
- splenectomy (relapse)
6
Q
- Decrease activity of protease ADAMTS-13
- decrease cleavage of high molecular weight V-WBF polymer
- abnormal activation of platelets
- Fibrin deposition with vessel occlusion
- Blood cells fragmentation
- Microangiopathic hemolysis and
thrombocytopenia.
A
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA- TTP
7
Q
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treatment
A
- Plasma exchange ( apheresis in which native plasma is exchanged with FFP).
- Plasma exchange remove antibody
against ADAMTS-13 and replete
deficiency of ADMATS-13
