intro to hematology

Question 1

is blood basic or alkaline?

Answer 1

slightly alkaline
pH: 7.35-7.45

Question 2

temp of blood

Answer 2

100.4 F

Question 3

functions of blood

Answer 3

• transport of O2, CO2, metabolic waste products, nutrients from digestive tract, and hormones
• regulation of body temp, normal pH, and adequate circulating volume
• clot formation and produces WBC, antibodies, etc.

Question 4

where is RBCs, platelets, and WBCs made

Answer 4

bone marrow of flat bones or in liver, thymus, spleen

Question 5

maintains oncotic pressure, acts as transport protein (shuttles fatty acids, calcium, lipid soluble hormones, and even some meds around the body)

Answer 5

albumin

Question 6

antibodies, transport proteins (fats, metal ions, and fat soluble vitamins)

Answer 6

globulins

Question 7

involved in clot formation

Answer 7

fibrinogen

Question 8

include sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and carbonate

Answer 8

electrolytes

Question 9

O2 bearing molecule

Answer 9

hemoglobin

Question 10

life span of mature RBCs

Answer 10

100-120 days

Question 11

flexible and oval
lack nucleus and most organelles

Answer 11

erythrocytes

Question 12

stimulated by EPO
certain nutrients are required: iron, folic acid, vitamin B12

Answer 12

erythropoiesis

Question 13

converted to bilirubin, transported to liver, secreted into intestine, metabolized to stercobilin, pooped out

Answer 13

heme

Question 14

metabolized to individual amino acids, released into circulation for reuse

Answer 14

globin

Question 15

what does low blood oxygen cause the kidney and liver to release

Answer 15

erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production

Question 16

functions of the spleen

Answer 16

1. fetal hematopoiesis
2. spleen is main site for destruction of RBCs, especially old and abnormal cells
3. blood is filtered through the spleen
4. reservoir for thrombocytes and immature erythrocytes
5. recycles iron

Question 17

lack of healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the bodys tissues

Answer 17

anemias

Question 18

red blood cells are smaller than normal
example: iron deficiency prevents the body from producing enough hemoglobin

Answer 18

microcytic anemia

Question 19

RBCs are normal in size, but there aren’t enough of them
example: hemolysis causes destruction of normal RBCs after they are produced at normal size

Answer 19

normocytic anemia

Question 20

RBC are abnormally large and don’t function properly, there are also fewer RBCs than normal
example: vitamin B12 and folate are required for RBC cell division and DNA synthesis

Answer 20

macrocytic anemia

Question 21

percentage of red blood volume that is RBCs

Answer 21

hematocrit

Question 22

protein in RBC that carries oxygen throughout the body

Answer 22

hemoglobin

Question 23

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets

Answer 23

thrombocytosis

Question 23

an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets

Answer 23

thrombocytopenia

Question 24

- detect chemical compounds released by damaged cells or other leukocytes and gather in large numbers: positive chemotaxis - mount an inflammatory response to control tissue damage, infection, etc - life cycle varies

Answer 24

leukocytes

Question 25

- contain membrane bound cytoplasmic granules (visible when stained) - larger than erythrocytes, shorter lived - contain lobed nuclei - all phagocytes to some degree: neutrophils basophils eosinophils

Answer 25

granulocytes

Question 26

- lack visible cytoplasmic granules - structurally similar to granulocytes but functionally different - spherical or kidney shaped nuclei: lymphocytes monocytes

Answer 26

agranulocytes

Question 27

- chemically attracted to sites of inflammation - active phagocytes - bacterial killing

Answer 27

neutrophils

Question 28

defend against parasitic infection

Answer 28

eosinophils

Question 29

- RBC, plasma, fresh platelets - all these elements are available in other products - usually only used with massive blood loss

Answer 29

fresh whole blood

Question 30

- most commonly used to raise hemoglobin - one unit raises Hgb approx 1g/dl

Answer 30

packed red blood cells

Question 31

- most blood products are leukoreduced - reduces certain complications

Answer 31

leukocyte-poor blood

Question 32

self donation in anticipation of a procedure

Answer 32

autologous packed red blood cells

Question 33

- contains all coagulation factors - used to correct deficiencies or prevent coagulopathy in trauma patients receiving massive transfusions of PRBC

Answer 33

FFP

Question 34

- made from fresh plasma by cooling it and collecting the precipitate - contains fibrinogen, factor 8, and von Willebrand factor

Answer 34

cryoprecipitate