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Heme/Oncology > intro to hematology > Flashcards

intro to hematology Flashcards

1
Q

is blood basic or alkaline?

A

slightly alkaline
pH: 7.35-7.45

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2
Q

temp of blood

A

100.4 F

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3
Q

functions of blood

A
  • transport of O2, CO2, metabolic waste products, nutrients from digestive tract, and hormones
  • regulation of body temp, normal pH, and adequate circulating volume
  • clot formation and produces WBC, antibodies, etc.
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4
Q

where is RBCs, platelets, and WBCs made

A

bone marrow of flat bones or in liver, thymus, spleen

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5
Q

maintains oncotic pressure, acts as transport protein (shuttles fatty acids, calcium, lipid soluble hormones, and even some meds around the body)

A

albumin

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6
Q

antibodies, transport proteins (fats, metal ions, and fat soluble vitamins)

A

globulins

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7
Q

involved in clot formation

A

fibrinogen

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8
Q

include sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and carbonate

A

electrolytes

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9
Q

O2 bearing molecule

A

hemoglobin

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10
Q

life span of mature RBCs

A

100-120 days

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11
Q

flexible and oval
lack nucleus and most organelles

A

erythrocytes

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12
Q

stimulated by EPO
certain nutrients are required: iron, folic acid, vitamin B12

A

erythropoiesis

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13
Q

converted to bilirubin, transported to liver, secreted into intestine, metabolized to stercobilin, pooped out

A

heme

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14
Q

metabolized to individual amino acids, released into circulation for reuse

A

globin

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15
Q

what does low blood oxygen cause the kidney and liver to release

A

erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production

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16
Q

functions of the spleen

A
  1. fetal hematopoiesis
  2. spleen is main site for destruction of RBCs, especially old and abnormal cells
  3. blood is filtered through the spleen
  4. reservoir for thrombocytes and immature erythrocytes
  5. recycles iron
17
Q

lack of healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the bodys tissues

A

anemias

18
Q

red blood cells are smaller than normal
example: iron deficiency prevents the body from producing enough hemoglobin

A

microcytic anemia

19
Q

RBCs are normal in size, but there aren’t enough of them
example: hemolysis causes destruction of normal RBCs after they are produced at normal size

A

normocytic anemia

20
Q

RBC are abnormally large and don’t function properly, there are also fewer RBCs than normal
example: vitamin B12 and folate are required for RBC cell division and DNA synthesis

A

macrocytic anemia

21
Q

percentage of red blood volume that is RBCs

A

hematocrit

22
Q

protein in RBC that carries oxygen throughout the body

A

hemoglobin

23
Q

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets

A

thrombocytosis

23
Q

an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

24
Q
  • detect chemical compounds released by damaged cells or other leukocytes and gather in large numbers: positive chemotaxis
  • mount an inflammatory response to control tissue damage, infection, etc
  • life cycle varies
A

leukocytes

25
Q
  • contain membrane bound cytoplasmic granules (visible when stained)
  • larger than erythrocytes, shorter lived
  • contain lobed nuclei
  • all phagocytes to some degree:
    neutrophils
    basophils
    eosinophils
A

granulocytes

26
Q
  • lack visible cytoplasmic granules
  • structurally similar to granulocytes but functionally different
  • spherical or kidney shaped nuclei:
    lymphocytes
    monocytes
A

agranulocytes

27
Q
  • chemically attracted to sites of inflammation
  • active phagocytes
  • bacterial killing
A

neutrophils

28
Q

defend against parasitic infection

A

eosinophils

29
Q
  • RBC, plasma, fresh platelets
  • all these elements are available in other products
  • usually only used with massive blood loss
A

fresh whole blood

30
Q
  • most commonly used to raise hemoglobin
  • one unit raises Hgb approx 1g/dl
A

packed red blood cells

31
Q
  • most blood products are leukoreduced
  • reduces certain complications
A

leukocyte-poor blood

32
Q

self donation in anticipation of a procedure

A

autologous packed red blood cells

33
Q
  • contains all coagulation factors
  • used to correct deficiencies or prevent coagulopathy in trauma patients receiving massive transfusions of PRBC
A

FFP

34
Q
  • made from fresh plasma by cooling it and collecting the precipitate
  • contains fibrinogen, factor 8, and von Willebrand factor
A

cryoprecipitate

Heme/Oncology (5 decks)

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