HIV in primary care Flashcards
symptoms of HIV
fever
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
rash
muscle aches
night sweats
mouth ulcers
chills
fatigue
how does HIV spread
- anal or vaginal sex
- sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injections
- body fluids (blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk)
- perinatal transmission
risk factors of HIV
- viral load (higher the amount of HIV in blood, the more likely that person is to transmit HIV)
- other STIs
- alcohol and other drug use (more likely to engage in risky behavior)
when is viral load the highest
during the acute phase of HIV, and without treatment
how to prevent HIV
- condoms
- never sharing needles
- using PrEP and PEP
who and what age should get tested for HIV
EVERYONE aged 13-64 at least once as part of routine health care
people with certain risk factors should get tested more often. you should get tested at least once a year if:
- man who has had sex with another man
- anal or vaginal sex with someone who has HIV
- more than one sex partner since last HIV test
- shared needles
- exchanged sex for drugs or money
- diagnosed or treated for another STI, hepatitis, or TB
- sex with someone who has done any of ^^ or don’t know their sexual history
why is routine, opt out screening effective
- removes stigma associated with HIV testing
- fosters early diagnosis and treatment
- reduces chances of transmission
- cost- effective
3 types of tests for HIV
- nucleic acid tests (NAT)***: detects HIV sooner than other tests
- antibody
- antigen/anitbody
if you have HIV what antigen is produced before antibodies develop
p24
- use of antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV
- can be prescribed by any licensed provider
- can be prescribed to anyone who asks for it, including sexually active adults and adolescents who do not report HIV risk factors
pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP)
3 FDA approved PREP medications
Truvada (sex or injection drug use)
Descovy (sex)
Apretude (sex)
how to manage a patient who gets HIV while taking PREP
- confirm with lab tests
- start ART treatment
- counsel pt on how to prevent transmission
- report to local health department
- used to prevent HIV after a potential exposure
- can be prescribed by any licensed provider
- baseline assessment required
PEP
when can pep be used
when care is sought <72 hours after a potential exposure
