Threats case studies ( Iceland, Switzerland, Antarctica) Flashcards
what is a glacial outburst flood also known as
jokulhlaup
what six ways can an outburst flood be triggered
increased flotation of ice as water levels rise, overflow and melt of an ice dam, breakdown of an ice dam due to tectonic activity, enlargement of pre-existing tunnels, failure of moraine dam and irreversible overtopping of a moraine dam
what can outburst floods do
destroy property tens or even hundreds of kilometres from their source
what does total discharge range from over how many years
0.5 and 3.5 km3 approximately every 3-6 years
in 1996 Grimsvotn eruption sent up an ash column how high
10km
on 5th November how much damage did meltwater cause to infrastructure
$15 million
What are the alpine countries
Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Lichenstein, Monaco, Slovenia and Switzerland
The Alpine Convention aims to what
balance the needs of 14 million residents and 120 million tourists per year
Zermatt (Switzerland) has how many visitors per year
2 million
what is the resident population of Zermatt and what is it in the height of the ski season
6000 and 35,000
why is there irreparable damage to the landscape
the construction of ski runs and the use of energy-intensive snow cannons used to apply additives to slopes
what makes Zermatt sustainable
car-free town, tourists are encouraged to go on foot or use bikes, electric buses or electric taxis and a new solar restaurant using renewable energy to manage water waste and energy consumption
how much have Zermatt invested per year into environmental projects
1 million Swiss francs
how many priority areas do they claim are now repaired
85%
how many protected forests does Zermatt have
6
