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Geography A level > Greenland case study > Flashcards

Greenland case study Flashcards

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1
Q

what % of Greenland is covered in ice

A

80%

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2
Q

what type of landscape is Greenland

A

Glacial

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3
Q

what is Greenlands length and width

A

1,660 miles and 650 miles

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4
Q

how far away is Greenland from the North Pole

A

500 miles

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5
Q

how thick is the Greenland ice sheet

A

5,000 feet reaching a maximum of 10,000 feet

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6
Q

what is the population of Greenland

A

56,653

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7
Q

what is the population density

A

0.14 people per km2

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8
Q

what is the population split

A

88% Inuit
12% European (Danish)

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9
Q

what % of the population lives in urban areas

A

87.5%

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10
Q

what do many Greenland Inuit do for work

A

they work in the growing mining and tourism industry as well as maintaining traditional lifestyles.

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11
Q

flora

A

sedge and cotton grass, plantlike lichens and some dwarfed birch and willow trees

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12
Q

fauna

A

polar bears, reindeer, musk oxen, Arctic foxes, and lemmings can be found on land. Seals and whales can be found in surrounding water as well as multiple species of fish.

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13
Q

what are the average winter temperatures in the North and South

A

-34 degrees (N)
-7 degrees (S)

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14
Q

what are the average summer temperatures in the North and South

A

4 degrees (N)
7 degrees (S)

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15
Q

what economic opportunities does Greenland offer

A

huge potential for hydroelectric power as well as ice retreat revealing valuable deposits of oil, gas metals and minerals

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16
Q

how is culture threatened

A

by modern culture, conservationists and by climate change. Environmental groups have led to hunting bans on species as well as sea ice melting and reducing hunting grounds

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17
Q

what does Greenlands ice possess

A

immense scientific research as the multitude of ice layers contain a unique record of Earth’s climate history formed over millions of years which can be studied using ice cores

18
Q

what was the contribution to global sea level between 1993 and 2010

A

0.33mm per year

19
Q

what was the reported average rate of ice loss between 1992 and 2001

A

34 gigatonnes per year

20
Q

what had it increased to between 2002 and 2011

A

215 gigatonnes per year

21
Q

what % does Greenlands ice sheet contribute to global ice mass

A

10%

22
Q

if the Greenland ice sheet melted what would the calculated global mean sea level rise up to

A

7m

23
Q

what is the risk of increased shipping

A

increases the risk of marine pollution

24
Q

what is the risk of overfishing and discharge of ballast water

A

may introduce invasive species that may outcompete and displace resident species

25
Q

what are the risks to polar bears

A

POPs (persistent organic pollutants) are being discovered in high concentrations in polar bears from East Greenland to Svalbard

26
Q

what happened in 2007 politically

A

political disputes threaten the landscape as well with Russia claiming part of the Arctic seabed leading to nations such as Denmark and Canada now staking their own claims to areas of the seabed.

27
Q

what were the 2014 protests about

A

reversing a ban on radioactive uranium mining as it could cause devasting impacts on the farming and fishing industries that could be irreversible

28
Q

how is the Greenland ice sheet protected

A

by cold Arctic waters against the temperate waters of the Atlantic, research teams have also been studying ice cores and comparing them to Antarctic ice cores

29
Q

how fast is Greenland losing ice

A

7 times faster than it was in the 1990s

30
Q

what is the expected ocean rise at the end of the century from Greenland

A

7cm

31
Q

roughly how many people live less than 10m above current high-tide lines

A

1 billion

32
Q

how many people live below 1m

A

250 million

33
Q

how many people are brought into a flooding situation for every 1cm of sea level rise

A

6 million

34
Q

what does IMBIE stand for

A

Ice sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise

35
Q

what does IMBIE consist of

A

89 polar experts from 50 international organisations

36
Q

what has the temperature been over the last decade in Greenland

A

0.75 degreees

37
Q

how much ice has Greenland lost to the ocean and what’s this equivalent to

A

3.8 trillion tonnes and a 10.6mm sea level rise

38
Q

what is the rate of loss per decade

A

1mm in the 1990s now 7mm

39
Q

what are the two ways Greenland is losing ice

A

surface melting with the water running off into the ocean and calving of icebergs where the ice then melts when in contact with the ocean

40
Q

how many tonnes of ice does Greenland shed in an average year now

A

250 billion

41
Q

what was the ice loss in 2019

A

370 billion tonnes

42
Q

what is the projection of global sea level rise in 2100

A

60cm

Geography A level (14 decks)

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