Threat & Error Management Flashcards
What are the 3 types of threats?
External
Internal
Latent
Where do external threats originate and what are some examples of them?
From the environment in which the aircraft is operating - they can lead to pilot error.
Eg.
Distractions caused by pax or cabin crew Weather problems Heavy traffic or unfamiliar aerodromeS Unexpected ATC requests Maintenance issues Missed approach
What are the 3 types of external threats?
Give examples
Expected / unexpected / latent
Expected / unexpected / latent
Anticipated - weather, heavy traffic
Unexpected - pax distractions
Latent (not directly obvious) - poor cockpit design, inadequate company policy, optical illusions (black hole effect)
Where do internal threats originate and what are some examples of them?
Brought in to cockpit by crew
Eg.
Fatigue Language barriers Pilot experience and personality Health and fitness Pilot recency and proficiency
What are examples of anticipated external threats?
Weather
Heavy traffic
Unfamiliar aerodrome
What are some examples of unexpected external threats?
Distractions from pax
In flight diversion
Missed approach
What are some examples of latent external threats?
Lurk in background
Eg.
User unfriendly cockpit environment
Aircraft design characteristics
A pilot is put under pressure from their employer to get back to base before their tour of duty expires. This is an example of
A. An external threat
B. An anticipated threat
C. An environmental threat
D. A latent threat
D. A latent threat
A pilot who has failed to apply carburettor heat during a glide has committed
A. Handling error
B. Procedural error
C. Communication error
D. Execution countermeasure
A. Handling error
Regularly practising forced landings would be an example of
A. A systemic countermeasure employed to manage an unexpected threat
B. A review countermeasure employed to manage a procedural error
C. An executor ion countermeasure employed to manage an anticipated threat
D. A planning countermeasure employed to manage a handling error
A. A systemic countermeasure employed to manage an unexpected threat
A pilot notices an alternator warning light illuminated during flight and responds by turning off all unnecessary electrical loads. This behaviour would be best described as
A. A systemic based countermeasure
B. A planning countermeasure
C. An execution countermeasure
D. A review countermeasure
D. A review countermeasure
A display of good leadership techniques by a captain to encourage team work may include
A. Giving his/her opinion first then consulting other crew members
B. Explaining the reasons for not implementing ideas of the group
C. Taking votes from crew about a proposed course of action
D. Acting first then explaining later
B. Explaining the reasons for not implementing the ideas of the group
The important considerations in the ergonomics of of flight deck design are
A. Function, ease of use, frequency of use, interpretation of signals
B. Function, frequency of use, sequence of use, importance of control
C. Function, sequence of use, size
D. Function, symbolism, recognition
B. Function, frequency of use, sequence of use, importance of control
A characteristic of good leadership would be for a pilot in command to
A. Propose a solution then consult the first officer for an opinion
B. Ask the first officers opinion then make a decision
C. Act autocratically
D. Act democratically
B. Ask the first officers opinion then make a decision
What are SYSTEMIC COUNTERMEASURES?
Electronic, mechanical devices or SOP’s and checklists
Eg.
Stall warning device
Annunciator panel
TCAS/ACAS
GPWS
Briefings and training
