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Clinical Skills > Thorax & Lung Definitions > Flashcards

Thorax & Lung Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Adventitious sounds

A

“added sounds” that are superimposed on usual breath sounds

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2
Q

What are examples of adventitious sounds?

A

crackles/rales, wheezes, rhonchi

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3
Q

apnea

A

without breathing

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4
Q

asthma

A

reversible bronchial hyperresponsiveness involving release of inflammatory mediators, increased airway secretions, and bronchoconstriction

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5
Q

auscultation

A

listenting

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6
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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7
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchial tubes

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8
Q

bronchophony

A

abnormal transmission of sound from bronchi or lungs

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9
Q

consolidation

A

solidification in the lungs

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10
Q

costal margin

A

angle produced by the cartilages that connect up to the xiphoid process

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11
Q

costochondral

A

between each rib and cartilage

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12
Q

cyanosis

A

turning blue due to lack of oxygen

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13
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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14
Q

egophony

A

Changes in sound as air passes through either a fluid/solid in the lung; sound changes from “e” to “a”

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15
Q

emphysema

A

part of COPD, condition where the small airways are damaged due to loss of elastic recoil

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16
Q

Excursion

A

distance traveled

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17
Q

fibrosis

A

scarring? build up of connective tissue because of damage

18
Q

fremitus

A

assessing the lungs via vibrations

19
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

20
Q

inspissation

A

process of thickening by dehydration

21
Q

Kussmaul respiration

A

breathing pattern associated with DKA; very deep, fast breathing in/out

22
Q

manubrium

A

top part above the sternal body

23
Q

orthopnea

A

feeling of being unable to breathe while lying down

24
Q

pectus carinatum

A

Pigeon-chested; sternum pokes out

25
Q

pectus excavatum

A

funnel chest; sternum goes in

26
Q

percussion

A

process of examining the lungs by tapping

27
Q

perfusion

A

passing to the tissues (blood, fluid, etc.)

28
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and lungs

29
Q

pneumothorax

A

air escaping the pleural cavity

30
Q

rales

A

aka crackles; crinkling sound usually heard on inspiration in cases like pneumonia, COPD (sometimes heard in asthma on expiration?)

31
Q

retraction

A

when the accessory intercostal muscles contract to aid in breathing; breathing is really bad at this point

32
Q

rhonchi

A

lower-pitch kind of wheezes (snoring quality) found in large airways that are filled with mucus

33
Q

sternal angle

A

aka “angle of Louis;” where the manubrium meets the sternal body

34
Q

sternum

A

anterior attachment for the ribs

35
Q

stridor

A

difficulty inspiring; wheezing heard louder in the neck than the chest wall; indicates partial obstruction of the airway in the neck, larynx, or trachea

36
Q

suprasternal notch

A

the little dip in the manubrium between the clavicles

37
Q

tactile fremitis

A

feeling the vibrations in the chest with the ulnar portions of the hand while the pt speaks; decreased or absent when the voice is higher pitched or soft or when the transmission of vibrations from the larynx to the surface of the chest is impeded by a thick chest wall

38
Q

tympany

A

sound heard while percussing (tympanic)

39
Q

wheezes

A

high pitched sounds heard on expiration; occurs when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are narrowed nearly to the point of closure

40
Q

whispered pectorilquy

A

pt is whispering and you can only hear through auscultation

41
Q

xiphoid process

A

forms the angle of the costal margin; where the cartilaginous portions of the ribs connect to ribs 8

Clinical Skills (5 decks)

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