Peripheral Vascular System

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of arteries?

Answer 1

Intima, media, and adventitia

Question 2

What does the intima layer do for the arteries?

Answer 2

regulate thrombosis, modulates blood flow, regulates immune and inflammatory reactions

Question 3

What does the media layer of the arteries do?

Answer 3

Smooth muscle cells dilate and constrict to accommodate bp and flow

Question 4

what does the adventitia layer of the artery do?

Answer 4

connective tissue contains the nerve fibers to the blood vessels

Question 5

Which arteries do you palpate to feel the arterial pulses in the arm?

Answer 5

brachial, radial, and ulnar

Question 6

What is the purpose of the arterial arches in the hand?

Answer 6

Collateral blood flow

Question 7

Which arteries do you palpate in the leg to feel the arterial pulses?

Answer 7

Femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial

Question 8

What’s unique about the vein vessels?

Answer 8

Thin walled and highly distensible

Can hold 2/3 of circulating blood flow

Question 9

What is the intima layer in the veins?

Answer 9

non-thrombogenic endothelium, and valves keep blood flowing in one direction

Question 10

What is the media layer of the veins?

Answer 10

rings of elastic tissue and smooth muscle that change vein caliber in response to even minor changes in venous pressure

Question 11

Differences between the deep and superficial veins?

Answer 11

Deep veins are well supported by surrounding tissue; superficial veins have relatively poor support

Question 12

Enlarged lymph nodes on CXR could indicate what?

Answer 12

Infection or cancer

Question 13

Which lymph nodes drain most of the arm?

Answer 13

Axillary

Question 14

Where do the ulnar surface lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 14

Epitrochlear nodes

Question 15

Horizontal group of the leg lymph nodes drain what?

Answer 15

superficial portions of the lower abdomen, buttock, external genitalia, anal canal, and lower vagina

Question 16

Vertical group of the leg lymph nodes drain what?

Answer 16

Upper leg - upper part of the saphenous vein

Lower leg - small saphenous area, heel and outer aspect of foot

Question 17

The lymph nodes pick up what?

Answer 17

Extra fluid and leftover proteins

Question 18

What is claudication?

Answer 18

Calf pain when you walk; goes away with rest

Question 19

Cold, numbness, pallor in the legs, hair loss could indicate what?

Answer 19

Arterial disease

Question 20

When do you check the ABI?

Answer 20

When there’s risk factors

Question 21

What grading is a normal amplitude?

Answer 21

2+

Question 22

Marked pallor on elevation suggests what?

Answer 22

Arterial insufficiency

Question 23

What would the clinical presentation of chronic venous insufficiency be like?

Answer 23

painful, venous HTN, normal pulse but might be hard to feel through edema, normal color or cyanotic, petechiae and brown pigmentation, normal temp, often marked edema, often brown pigmentation around the ankle, gangrene doesn’t develop

Question 24

What would the clinical presentation of chronic arterial insufficiency be like?

Answer 24

Intermittent claudication that progresses to pain at rest, tissue ischemia, decreased/absent pulse, pale color especially at elevation and dusky red on dependency, cool temp, absent or mild edema, trophic changes to the skin, loss of hair over the foot/toes, nails become thickened and ridged, gangrene may develop

Question 25

Chronic venous insufficiency would show visible changes over what areas of the body?

Answer 25

Medial and lateral malleolus

Question 26

Arterial insufficiency would show visible changes where?

Answer 26

On the toes, feet, or shins

Question 27

Neuropathic ulcers would show visible changes where?

Answer 27

At pressure points in the feet