Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Where is the R ventricle positioned on the body?
Anteriorly
Where is the L ventricle positioned on the body?
Lateral and posterior
Where is the pulmonary artery found?
Sternal angle
L of the aorta, L side of body at the base of the heart
Where is the cardiac apex?
Bottom tip of the LV
Where is the PMI found?
LV tip, 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line
Where is the aorta found?
To the R of the pulmonary artery; medial of the body
What should the diameter of the PMI be?
1-2.5 cm
If the PMI is > 2.5, what does that suggest?
LVH from either HTN or aortic stenosis
What could a lateral displacement of the PMI mean?
LVH
If there is RVH, where could you find the greater impulse?
Xiphoid or epigastric area
About how much ventricle blood is pushed in there by gravity?
~ 2/3
What does heart sound S1 indicate?
Closure of the AV valves
What does heart sound S2 indicate?
Closure of the semilunar valves
What valves are open in systole?
Semilunar valves
Ventricular contraction
What valves are open in diastole?
AV valves
Ventricular relaxation
What layers create the pericardial cavity?
Visceral and parietal layers
How can you best see and diagnose pericarditis?
US
How would pericarditis sound?
“Old-timey washing machine”
What happens in diastole?
Atrial pressure exceeds that of the ventricle and the AV valves open to allow blood flow through them; at the end of diastole, the atrium contracts and increases the pressure in both chambers
What happens in systole?
The ventricle contracts, pressure increases and closes the AV valves, opening the semilunar. As the ventricle ejects most of its blood, the ventricular pressure decreases; the pressure in the aorta/pulmonary artery exceeds that of the ventricle and the semilunar valves close. The pressure in the atrium now increases to start diastole