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Thorax > Thorax Lecture and Embryology > Flashcards

Thorax Lecture and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Location of trachea

A

cricoid cartilage to T5 (bifurcation at carina)

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2
Q

quiet inspiration

A

longitudinal expansion of diaphragm

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3
Q

forced inspiration

A

ribs move up due to contraction of external intercostals and diaphragm

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4
Q

quiet expiration

A

elastic recoil

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5
Q

forced expiration

A

intercostal and abdominal muscles shift abdominal contents upward to reduce volume

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6
Q

transverse process

A

articulates w tubercle on rib

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7
Q

articular facet

A

synovial joints bw adjacent vertebrae

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8
Q

1,9-12

A

only 1 articular facet on body

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9
Q

11&12

A

no articular facet on transverse process

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10
Q

trophoblast

A

placenta/chorion (syncytio spreads within uterine wall, cyto becomes outer lining)

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11
Q

blastocoele

A

the fluid-filled cavity of a blastula

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12
Q

zona pellucida

A

glycoproteins in outer covering

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13
Q

embryoblast

A

inner cell mass

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14
Q

morula

A

16 cell mass

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15
Q

epiblast

A

the outermost layer of an embryo before it differentiates into ectoderm and mesoderm.

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16
Q

gastrulation

A

bilaminar –> trilaminar disc

17
Q

primitive streak

A

proliferating epiblast cells (hypoblast cells are replaced and lined)

18
Q

neural crest

A

epithelial to mesenchymal cells

19
Q

trunk
head
placodes

A

pigment, schwann, adrenal medulla
cartilage and bone
special sensation (surface ectoderm)

20
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

urogenital system

21
Q

paraxial schlerotome

A

axial skeleton, vertebral column, ribs

22
Q

paraxial dermatome

A

dermis

23
Q

paraxial myotome

A

skeletal muscle (epaxial dorsal, hypaxial ventral)

24
Q

lateral mesoderm

A

parietal: adheres to ectoderm (somatopleure)
visceral: adheres to endoderm (splanchopleure)
intraembryonic coelem: pericardium, pleura, peritonium

25
Q

buccopharyngeal membrane

A

breaks down to form mouth

26
Q

cloacal membrane

A

membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is formed by ectoderm and endoderm coming into contact with each other.

27
Q

vitelline duct

A

narrowing of yolk sac into the embryo

28
Q

heart moves _______ during embryonic folding

A

under and caudal to oropharyngeal membrane

29
Q

lateral folding and cephalocaudal

A

somitogenesis and elab of neural ectoderm

30
Q

endoderm

A

epitheliam lining of gut, liver, gall bladder, parenchyma of thyroid, parathyroid, stroma of tonsils/thymus

31
Q

fetal pd vs. emryonic pd

A

weeks 9-38, weeks 1-8

32
Q

teratology

A

congenital abnormalities

Thorax (4 decks)

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