Heart and Heart Dev

Question 1

anterior mediastinum

Answer 1

internal thoracic vessels

Question 2

middle mediastinum

Answer 2

pericardium

Question 3

posterior mediastinum

Answer 3

thoracic aorta, duct, azygos, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos, esophagus, sympathetic trunk

Question 4

superior mediastinum

Answer 4

thymus, great vessels, nerves, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct

Question 5

fossa ovalis

Answer 5

embryological remnant separating the atrium and ventricle

Question 6

conus arteriosus

Answer 6

the upper front part of the right ventricle of the heart (where pulmonary trunk arises)

Question 7

aortic valve

Answer 7

semilunar (tricuspid)

Question 8

left coronary branches

Answer 8

left anterior descending artery, circumeflex branch (posterior of heart)

Question 9

ischemia

Answer 9

inadequate blood supply

Question 10

myocardial infarction

Answer 10

heart attack, necrosis of myocardium

Question 11

diastole

Answer 11

filling of the ventricles, the pulmonary and aortic valves close, the right and left atrioventricular valves open

Question 12

systole

Answer 12

filling of the atria, the right and left atrioventricular valves close, the pulmonary and aortic valves open

Question 13

coronary sinus

Answer 13

cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus in the atrioventricular sulcus and then blood flows into the right atrium

Question 14

step 2 of heart development

Answer 14

heart tube lengthens and atrium is posterior and superior to ventricle

Question 15

step 3 of heart development

Answer 15

flimsy septum primum develops with hole, and robust septum secundum develops between left atrium and right atrium, forming foramen ovale passageway and valve

Question 16

step 4 of heart development

Answer 16

4 endocardial cushions grow into atrioventricular canal (ventral, dorsal, right, left) forming AV valves after fusing

Question 17

step 5 of heart development

Answer 17

conotruncal ridges grow to separate pulmonary artery and aorta. close off interventricular foramen and fuses with muscular interventricular septum

Question 18

what happens at birth

Answer 18

drop in resistance in the lungs, umbilical cord is tied

Question 19

step 1 after birth

Answer 19

umbilical vein –> ligamentum teres (connects umbilicus to liver)

Question 20

step 2 after birth

Answer 20

ductus venosus that shunted blood past the liver–> ligamentum venosum (surface on liver)

Question 21

step 3 after birth (due to higher pressure in the left atrium, lower pressure in the right atrium)

Answer 21

mechanical closure of the foramen ovale (RA –> LA) into the fossa ovalis (patent foramen ovale)

Question 22

step 4 after birth

Answer 22

ductus arteriosis (pulmonary artery –> descending aorta) –> ligamentum arteriosum

Question 23

best blood from the inferior vena cava leaves with the LV to the

Answer 23

head/brain

Question 24

some deoxygenated blood mixes with blood from the SVC, passing to the _____

Answer 24

RV and pulmonary trunk