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Health Assessment > Thorax and Lungs ch 18 > Flashcards

Thorax and Lungs ch 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Alveoli

A

functional units of lungs, where gas exchange occurs with surrounding capillaries.

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2
Q

Angle of Louis

A

manubriosternal angle, ariculation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with 2nd rib

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3
Q

Asthma

A

abnormal resp. condition related to hypersentivity to inhaled allergens. Characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea.

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4
Q

Atelectasis

A

abnormal resp condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, delfated section of alveoli

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5
Q

Bronchiole

A

one of the smaller resp pathways into which the segmental bronchi divide

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6
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive secretion

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7
Q

Bronchophony

A

spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over nml lung tissue

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8
Q

Bronchovesicular

A

normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, charzd by moderate pitch and equal duration of inspirtn and expirtn

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9
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

category of abnormal resp conditions charzd by airflow obstruction (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis)

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10
Q

Cilia

A

million of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree. pushes mucus out of trachea.

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11
Q

Consolidation

A

solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

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12
Q

Crackles

A

(rales) abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration.

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13
Q

Crepitus

A

coars, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

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14
Q

Dead space

A

passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange, like the bronchi or trachea

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15
Q

Egophony

A

voice sound of “EEEEEE” heard through stethoscope

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16
Q

Emphysema

A

COPD charzd by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles

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17
Q

Fissure

A

narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

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18
Q

Fremitus

A

palpable vibration felt over chest wall when patient speaks

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19
Q

Friction rub

A

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

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20
Q

Hypercapnia

A

increased lvls of CO2 in the blood

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21
Q

Kussmaul Respiration

A

type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

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22
Q

Orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying supine/flat

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23
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

sudden awakening from sleeping with SOB

24
Q

Pleural effusion

A

abnormal fluid b/w the layers of the pleua

25
Q

Rhonchi

A

low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions

26
Q

Vesicular

A

soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

27
Q

Vital Capacity

A

amount of air that can be exhaled following maximal inspiration

28
Q

Wheeze

A

high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound

29
Q

Whispered pectoriloquy

A

faint and inaudible sound (over nml lung tissue) made when patient whispers

30
Q

Costochondral junctions

A

point where ribs meet cartilage, not nmlly palpable

31
Q

Suprasternal Notch

A

hollow u-shaped depression just above the sternum

32
Q

Describe the method of counting intercostal spaces

A

Each intercostal space is numbered by the rib above it.

33
Q

Costal angle

A

angle made b/w right and left costal margins. Usually 90 degrees. increases when overinflated (emphysema)

34
Q

mediastinum

A

in the middle of the thoracic cavity, houses the esophagus, trachea, heart and great vessels

35
Q

Pleual cavities

A

on the sides of the mediastinum, house the rt and lt lungs

36
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

lines the outside of the lungs, dips down into fissures

37
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

lines the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm

38
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess

A

where the pleurae extend 3 cm below lvl of lungs and create a potential space. Abnormal air or fluid in here could prevent lung expansion.

39
Q

Acinus

A

funtional respiratory unit comprised of: bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

40
Q

Normal stimulus to breath is an….

A

increase in C02 levels in the blood

41
Q

Surfactant

A

lipid substance needed for sustained inflation of the air sacs.

42
Q

Hemoptysis

A

ejection of blood when coughing

43
Q

Rust colored sputum can indicate what?

A

tuberculosis or pneumococcal pneumonia

44
Q

Chest pain with breathing could be due to what?

A

muscle soreness from coughing, or from inflammed pleura from pneumonia.

45
Q

The ratio of anteroposterior to transverse diameter is?

A

1:2 to 5:7

46
Q

Barrel chest

A

when anteroposterior diameter=transverse diameter. ribs horizontal, chest appears hyperinflated. Occurs in chronic emphysema

47
Q

Give indicators of assessing a patient who has COPD?

A

hypertrophied neck muscles, person leaning forward with arms braced against knees. tense, strained face, pursed lips when breathing, forced expiration with accessory muscles.

48
Q

Unequal chest expansion occurs with what?

A

atelectasis, lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, thoracic trauma, pneumothorax

49
Q

Resonance

A

low-pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult.

50
Q

Hyperresonance

A

lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present in lungs. Accompanies emphysema or pneumothorax

51
Q

Dull (sound)

A

soft, muffled thud. Sign of abnormally dense lungs. Occurs with pneumonia, pleural diffusion, atelectasis, or tumor.

52
Q

Adventitious sounds

A

added sounds, NOT NORMALLY heard when auscultating lungs, examples are crackles or wheezes.

53
Q

Atelectatic crackles

A

type of adventitious sound that is not pathologic. Described as short, popping, crackling sounds that disappear after a few breaths or after a cough

54
Q

Pleural Friction fremitus

A

palpable gratin sensation with breathing

55
Q

Unequal chest expansion occurs with?

A

an obstructed or collapsed lung (like with pneumonia), or when guarding

56
Q

Diaphragmatic excursion

A

3-5cm measurement between the lower lung border made after inspiration and then again after expiration. should be equal bilaterally.

Health Assessment (4 decks)

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