Anus, Rectum and Prostate ch 25

Question 1

constipation

Answer 1

less than or equal to 3 stools/week

Question 2

dyschezia

Answer 2

pain due to local condition, hemorrhoid, fissure, or constipation

Question 3

diarrhea occurs with what conditions?

Answer 3

gastroenteritis, colitis, irritable colon syndrome

Question 4

Melena

Answer 4

bloody/ black stools

Question 5

Steatorrhea

Answer 5

excessive fat in the stool as in malabsorption of fat.

Question 6

Pruritus

Answer 6

itching, pain or burning in rectal area

Question 7

Examine male patients in the ______ position?

Answer 7

left lateral decubitus or standing

Question 8

Examine the female in the ____ position?

Answer 8

lithotomy or left lateral decubitus

Question 9

An enlarged, firm, smooth gland with central groove obliterated suggests?

Answer 9

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 10

A stone-hard, irregular, fixed nodule felt while examining the prostate indicates what?

Answer 10

carcinoma

Question 11

bright red blood on stool surface indicates?

Answer 11

rectal bleeding

Question 12

bright red blood mixed with feces indicates?

Answer 12

colonic bleeding.

Question 13

valsalva maneuver

Answer 13

ask the person to hold breath and bear down, check for breaks in skin integrity or protrusions through anal opening.

Question 14

Pilondial Cyst/Sinus

Answer 14

hair-containing cyst or sinus located midline over coccyx. Has an erythema surrounding the opening. congenital disorder that is usually dxd at 15-30 years of age.

Question 15

Rectal Prolapse

Answer 15

where rectal mucous membrane protrudes through the anus, appearing as a moist red donut with radiating lines. Caused by straining during BMs or after valsalva maneuver or exercise

Question 16

If there is an incomplete prolapse, only the _____ bulges?

Answer 16

mucosa

Question 17

If the prolapse is complete, both ________and ______ bulges out?

Answer 17

mucosa and anal sphincters.

Question 18

Normal Prostate gland characteristics include:

Answer 18

heart shaped with palpable groove, is elastic/rubber like, Slightly movable and non-tender to palpation. Size is 2.5cm long, 4cm wide. should only protrude up to 1cm into rectum

Question 19

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Answer 19

BPH, enlargement of prostate which compresses the urethra, affects 1/10 males beginning at age 40.

Question 20

The etiology of BPH is?

Answer 20

diminished testosterone levels which leads to proliferation of benign adenomas

Question 21

what are the S&S of BPH?

Answer 21

difficulty initiating urine stream, urgency, hesitancy, incomplete emptying of bladder

Question 22

Prostatis

Answer 22

Either acute inflammation of prostate that is tender and asymmetric to palpation, or chronic with tenderness and may have firm areas or may even feel normal.

Question 23

S&S of Prostatis?

Answer 23

pat complains of fever, chills, malaise, aching pain in perineal and rectal area, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and urethral discharge.

Question 24

Carcinoma of prostate gland?

Answer 24

single hard nodule in post. surface of rectal wall. Progresses into multiple asymmetric and hard nodules that cover entire gland.

Question 25

Tarry-black stool is from?

Answer 25

GI bleeding

Question 26

Occult blood

Answer 26

microscopic blood not visible to the eye

Question 27

non-tarry black stool is from?

Answer 27

iron medications

Question 28

frank blood

Answer 28

blood in stool that is visible to the eye