Thorax and lungs

Question 1

Atelectasis

Answer 1

Incomplete expansion of the lung

Question 2

Incomplete expansion of the lung

Answer 2

Atelectasis

Question 3

Biot respirations

Answer 3

Irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern

Question 4

Irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern

Answer 4

Biot respirations

Question 5

Bronchiestasis

Answer 5

Chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated infections or bronchial obstructions

Question 6

Chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated infections or bronchial obstructions

Answer 6

Bronchiestasis

Question 7

Bronchophony

Answer 7

An exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken word)

Question 8

An exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken word)

Answer 8

Bronchophony

Question 9

Egophony

Answer 9

Auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality (E’s become stuffy broad A’s). May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue

Question 10

Auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality (E’s become stuffy broad A’s). May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue

Answer 10

Egophony

Question 11

Hemoptysis

Answer 11

Coughing up blood or bloodstained sputum

Question 12

Coughing up blood or bloodstained sputum

Answer 12

Hemoptysis

Question 13

Vesicular lung sounds

Answer 13

Normal breathing sound; heard over most of the lung fields, low pitch, soft and short expirations

Question 14

Normal breathing sound; heard over most of the lung fields, low pitch, soft and short expirations

Answer 14

Vesicular lung sounds

Question 15

Tubular lung sounds

Answer 15

Normal breathing sound, heard only over trachea, high pitch, loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration

Question 16

Normal breathing sound, heard only over trachea, high pitch, loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration

Answer 16

Tubular lung sounds

Question 17

Bronchovesicular lung sounds

Answer 17

Normal breathing sounds, heard over main bronchus and over upper right posterior lung field, medium pitch, expiration equals inspiration

Question 18

Normal breathing sounds, heard over main bronchus and over upper right posterior lung field, medium pitch, expiration equals inspiration

Answer 18

Bronchovesicular lung sounds

Question 19

Orthopnea

Answer 19

Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down

Question 20

Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down

Answer 20

Orthopnea

Question 21

Pectoriloquy

Answer 21

Striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope, commonly occurs from lung consolidation

Question 22

Striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope, commonly occurs from lung consolidation

Answer 22

Pectoriloquy

Question 23

Tactile fremitus

Answer 23

Tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation

Question 24

Tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation

Answer 24

Tactile fremitus

Question 25

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 25

Transmission of a whisper in the same way as taht of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated be pneumonia

Question 26

Transmission of a whisper in the same way as taht of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated be pneumonia

Answer 26

Whispered pectoriloquy

Question 27

At what level does the trachea bifurcate (anteriorly)?

Answer 27

Angle of Louis / sternal angle

Question 28

What are the criteria for diagnosing flail chest?

Answer 28

Must break 3 ribs, and in two different places

Question 29

Which conditions exhibit the “tripod posture”?

Answer 29

COPD and epiglottitis

Question 30

How far does the diaphragm normally descend on inhalation?

Answer 30

4 cm

Question 31

What are some typical characteristics of COPD?

Answer 31

1. Moderate kyphosis2. Increased AP diameter3. Decreased expansion4. Hyperresonant lungs5. Breath sounds distant with delayed expiratory phase and scattered wheezes6. Fremitus decreased7. No bronchophony, egophony, or whispered pectoriloquy8. Diaphragm descends 2 cm

Question 32

What are some typical characteristics of asthma?

Answer 32

1. Scattered expiratory wheezes bilaterally2. Strong wheezing with forced expiration

Question 33

What are some typical characteristics of pneumothorax?

Answer 33

1. Decreased movement on affected side2. Hyperresonant on affected side3. Breath sounds decreased on affected side