Thorax and lungs Flashcards
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of the lung
Incomplete expansion of the lung
Atelectasis
Biot respirations
Irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern
Irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern
Biot respirations
Bronchiestasis
Chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated infections or bronchial obstructions
Chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated infections or bronchial obstructions
Bronchiestasis
Bronchophony
An exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken word)
An exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken word)
Bronchophony
Egophony
Auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality (E’s become stuffy broad A’s). May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue
Auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality (E’s become stuffy broad A’s). May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue
Egophony
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood or bloodstained sputum
Coughing up blood or bloodstained sputum
Hemoptysis
Vesicular lung sounds
Normal breathing sound; heard over most of the lung fields, low pitch, soft and short expirations
Normal breathing sound; heard over most of the lung fields, low pitch, soft and short expirations
Vesicular lung sounds
Tubular lung sounds
Normal breathing sound, heard only over trachea, high pitch, loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration
Normal breathing sound, heard only over trachea, high pitch, loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration
Tubular lung sounds
Bronchovesicular lung sounds
Normal breathing sounds, heard over main bronchus and over upper right posterior lung field, medium pitch, expiration equals inspiration
Normal breathing sounds, heard over main bronchus and over upper right posterior lung field, medium pitch, expiration equals inspiration
Bronchovesicular lung sounds
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down
Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down
Orthopnea
Pectoriloquy
Striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope, commonly occurs from lung consolidation
Striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope, commonly occurs from lung consolidation
Pectoriloquy
Tactile fremitus
Tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation
Tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation
Tactile fremitus
Whispered pectoriloquy
Transmission of a whisper in the same way as taht of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated be pneumonia
Transmission of a whisper in the same way as taht of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated be pneumonia
Whispered pectoriloquy
At what level does the trachea bifurcate (anteriorly)?
Angle of Louis / sternal angle
What are the criteria for diagnosing flail chest?
Must break 3 ribs, and in two different places
Which conditions exhibit the “tripod posture”?
COPD and epiglottitis
How far does the diaphragm normally descend on inhalation?
4 cm
What are some typical characteristics of COPD?
- Moderate kyphosis2. Increased AP diameter3. Decreased expansion4. Hyperresonant lungs5. Breath sounds distant with delayed expiratory phase and scattered wheezes6. Fremitus decreased7. No bronchophony, egophony, or whispered pectoriloquy8. Diaphragm descends 2 cm
What are some typical characteristics of asthma?
- Scattered expiratory wheezes bilaterally2. Strong wheezing with forced expiration
What are some typical characteristics of pneumothorax?
- Decreased movement on affected side2. Hyperresonant on affected side3. Breath sounds decreased on affected side
