Heart Flashcards
Bruit
A harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one
A harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one
Bruit
Cor pulmonale
Enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to chronic lung disease
Enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to chronic lung disease
Cor pulmonale
Palpitations
Forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart, perceptible to the patient, usually with an increase in frequency or force, with or without irregularity in rhythm
Forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart, perceptible to the patient, usually with an increase in frequency or force, with or without irregularity in rhythm
Palpitations
Thrill
A fine, palpable sensation
A fine, palpable sensation
Thrill
Which valve is auscultated at the right 2nd intercostal space?
Aortic
Aortic valve auscultation area
Right 2nd intercostal space
Which valve is auscultated at the left 2nd intercostal space?
Pulmonic
Pulmonic valve auscultation area
Left 2nd intercostal space
Which valve is auscultated at the left 5th intercostal space (apex)?
Mitral
Mitral valve auscultation area
Left 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
Which valve is auscultated at the left sternal border?
Tricuspid
Tricuspid valve auscultation area
Left sternal border
What does the endocardium cover?
Chambers, valves, chordae tendinae
What is the diaphragm used for?
Higher pitched sounds, S1, S2, breath sounds
What is the bell used for?
Low pitched sounds, S3, S4
When are murmors heard in diastole pathologic?
Always
What are ejection clicks or ejection sounds?
Turbulence produced when flow is abnormal across a semilunar valve
When is aortic ejection sound heard?
Early systole
How does aortic ejection sound?
High pitched, often radiates up into carotids, not affected by respiration
When is pulmonary ejection sound heard?
Early systole
How does pulmonary ejection sound?
Less intense than aortic ejection sound, intensifies on expiration and decreases on inspiration
What is the opening snap?
Diastolic event that is the sound of the opening of a pathologically deformed mitral valve commonly heard in cases of mitral valve stenosis
When is the opening snap heard?
Very briefly early in diastole, before an S3 is heard
How does the opening snap sound?
High pitched, sharp snap or click sound, not affected by respiration, easily confused with S2
How does pericardial friction rub sound?
Intense grating sound that may be loud enough to mimic a murmur. Best heard at the apex; heard in both diastole and systole
How does a mitral valve prolapse sound?
Commonly associated with mid-systolic click over the mitral area and a soft mid to late systolic murmur. At times referred to as the “click-murmur” syndrome
