Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
2 dimensions for chest findings
vertical axis and around the circumference of the chest
5 cm down from suprasternal notch
sternal angle–move lateral to find 2nd rib
location of inferior tip of scapula
lies at level of 7th rib or interspace
Trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at what level
sternal angle anteriorly
T4 spinous process posteriorly
lung lobes
Right: 3 lobes
Left: 2 lobes
posterior reference lines
vertebral line, scapular line
Axillary reference lines
anterior axillary, midaxillary, posterior axillary lines
apex of line
2-4 cm above inner third of clavicle
base of lung
lower border crosses 6th rib at midclavicular line
serous membranse that cover the outer surface of each lung
pleurae
potential space btwn visceral and parietal pleurae
pleural space
shortness of breath
dyspnea
when asked where pain is– clenched fist over sternum
suggest angina pectoris
coughing up blood
hemoptysis
order of exam
inspect
palpate
percuss
and auscultate
normal adult respiration rate
14-20 BPM
for respiration observe
rate
rhythm
depth
and effort of breathing
percussion distinguishes and penetrates
whether underlying tissues are air-filled, fluid-filled, or solid
5-7 cm into chest
listening to the sounds generated by breathing
auscultation
period of ventricular contraction
systole
period of ventricular relaxation
diastole
PMI
point of maximal impulse–locates the left border of the heart and is normally found in the 5th interspace 7-9 cm lateral to the midsternal line
S1 caused by (first heart sound)
closure of mitral valve
S2 caused by (second heart sound)
aortic valve closure
