Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
Anterior landmarks
- suprasternal notch
- sternum
- manubriosternal angle
- costal angle
Posterior landmarks
- vertebra prominens
- C7 marks apex of lung tissue
Inspiration
Chest size increases, diaphragm contracts, drops lower
Expiration
passive, diaphragm relaxes
Tactile fremitus
Vibrations of chest wall (result of sound transmitting though lung tissue)
When auscultation…
use diaphragm of stethoscope
Wheezing
Continuous high-pitched musical sound on expiration or inspiration. results of narrowed airways
Rhonchi
Characterized by low pitched souds heard on inspiration and expiration
Crackles or rales
Can be described as fine or coarse. suggested the presence of intra-alveolar fluid as seen in congested heart failure
Stridor
high-pitched musical breath sounds resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree
Diminished breath sounds
caused by anything that prevents air from entering the lungs
Newborn respirations
30-60
Infant respirations
30-60
Toddler respirations
20-40
Preschoolers respirations
20-35
School-age respirations
16-22
Adolescent respirations
12-20
Adult respirations
12-20
Older Adult respirations
15-20
Hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxia
decreased delivery of oxygen to the tissues
dyspnea
shortness of breath
Tachypnea
increased respiratory rate
apnea
absence of breathing
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
pneumothorax
lung collapse d/t free air in pleural space
Bronchial sounds
loud, high-pitched sounds heard over the trachea.
Exhalation > Inhalation
Bronchovesicular sounds
medium in pitch, heard on each side of the sternum and between scapulae
Exhalation = Inhalation
Vesicular sounds
soft, low-pitched sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields
Exhalation < Inhalation
Eupnea
Breathing within the expected respiratory rate
