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Holistic Assessment > Heart and Neck Vessels > Flashcards

Heart and Neck Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

Protects heart, double walled sac

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2
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular wall-specialized cardiac mucle cells provide bulk of contractile heart muscle

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3
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost wall is thin and includes 3 layers with smooth endothelial cells lining heart chambers and great vessels

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4
Q

What do valves control

A

the blood flow between the chambers and between the ventricles and the corresponding great vessels

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5
Q

Diastole

A

Heart is filling phase- (AV valve opens to allow ventricles to relax and fill with blood and allow blood to be ejected from heart)

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6
Q

Systole

A

Heart pumping phase- (AV valve closes to prevent regurgitation of blood back up into atria)

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7
Q

S1

A

closure of AV valves, signals beginning of systole

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8
Q

S2

A

Closure of semilunar valves, signals end of systole

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9
Q

First heart sound

A

Lub, S1

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10
Q

Second heart sound

A

Dub, S2

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11
Q

S3

A

ventricular filling creates vibrations, occurs after S2. “Ventricular Gallop”

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12
Q

S4

A

Occurs at the end of diastole, before S1.
“Atrial gallop”
may be heard in children, in conditioned athletes

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13
Q

Newborn pulse

A

110-160

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14
Q

Infant pulse

A

90-160

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15
Q

Toddler pulse

A

80-140

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16
Q

Preschooler pulse

A

80-120

17
Q

School age pulse

A

65-120

18
Q

Adolescent pulse

A

60-100

19
Q

Adult pulse

A

60-100

20
Q

Older Adult pulse

A

60-100

21
Q

Newborn considerations

A
  • Heart beats at 3 weeks gestation
  • Heart position horizontal
22
Q

Children considerations

A
  • HR can increase with inspiration and decrease expiration
23
Q

Pregnancy Considerations

A
  • Blood volume increases by 30-40% thus workload increases
  • Pulse rate increases by 10-15 beats
24
Q

Older adult

A
  • interrelated with lifestyle, habits and disease
  • Systolic BP increases
  • Left ventricular wall thickness increases
  • Dysrhythmia
  • Orthostatic hypotension
25
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

irregular heart rate increases related to conduction changes

Holistic Assessment (12 decks)

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