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HSC2105 Cross Section > Thorax & Abdomen Rad Anatomy > Flashcards

Thorax & Abdomen Rad Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

HRCT?

A

high resolution computed tomography

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2
Q

what ribs attached anteriorly to sternum via costal cartilages

A

7 upper pairs of ribs

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3
Q

is lingula considered part of left upper lobe

A

yes

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4
Q

what lines lungs

A

visceral & parietal pleura

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5
Q

what does visceral pleura line

A

closely applied to lungs

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6
Q

what does parietal pleura line

A

inner surface of chest wall

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7
Q

pleural layer seen as part of __

A

intercostal stripe

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8
Q

___ seen at paravertebral region

A

paravertebral line

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9
Q

how does intercostal stripe appear as

A

thin white line between adjacent ribs & anterior to lower edge of ribs posteriorly

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10
Q

where does trachea start & end

A

below cricoid cartilage till sternal angle level

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11
Q

what does trachea bifurcate into

A

bronchi > lobar bronchi > bronchopulmonary segments in each lobe

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12
Q

right bronchi is ___ than left

A

shorter, wider, more vertically oriented

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13
Q

where is superior mediastinum

A

below thoracic inlet till horizontal line at lower border of manubrium, sternal angle, lower border of T4

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14
Q

where is inferior mediastinum

A

below horizontal where superior mediastinum ends till above hemidiaphragm

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15
Q

where is anterior mediastinum

A

in front of pericardium & root

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16
Q

where is middle mediastinum

A

heart + pericardium + hilar structures

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17
Q

where is posterior mediastinum

A

between posterior pericardium + spine

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18
Q

anatomical landmarks of thoracic inlet

A

superior margin of manubrium
superior margin of 1st ribs
T1 costovertebral junctions

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19
Q

what is hilum

A

region where pulmonary vessels & airways enter/exit lungs

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20
Q

main components of hilum

A

pulmonary artery & veins
bronchus
lymph nodes

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21
Q

where is hemiazygos veins

A

left side of spine till anastomosis with azygos vein at T8/9

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22
Q

where is azygos vein

A

arches from right paraspinal space to SVC, right side longitudinal to T-spine

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23
Q

where do hemiazygos veins drain

A

posterior & lateral parts of left thoracic walls

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24
Q

what do SSFP views include for 2 chambers

A

left atrium
left ventricle
mitral valve

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25
Q

what do SSFP views include for 3 chambers

A

left atrium
left ventricle
left ventricular outflow tract

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26
Q

what do SSFP views include for 4 chambers

A

left + right atrium
left + right ventricle
mitral + tricuspid valves

27
Q

what do SSFP views include for short axis

A

left + right ventricle
interventricular septum

28
Q

what are branches of left coronary artery

A

left anterior descending + left circumflex branches

29
Q

where do coronary arteries arise from

A

aortic sinuses in initial portion of ascending aorta

30
Q

chest wall muscles

A

pectoralis major & minor
shoulder girdle
erector spinae & trapezius
intercostal & subcostal muscles

31
Q

what does diaphragm separate

A

thorax & abdominal contents

32
Q

what do breasts include

A

glandular elements (ducts & lobules)
fibrous supporting structures (cooper ligaments)
adipose tissues

33
Q

what lines walls of abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

34
Q

what does peritoneum do

A

enveloping membrane which encloses intra-abdominal organs

35
Q

what are the layers of peritonuem

A

parietal & visceral layers

36
Q

where is parietal layer of peritoneum

A
  • deep to abdominal wall muscles
  • beneath diaphragm
  • above pelvic organs
  • anterior to structures of retroperitoneum posteriorly
37
Q

where is visceral layer of peritoneum

A

encloses most organs within abdominal cavity

38
Q

what lines pelvic cavity

A

peritoneum; continuous with peritoneum of abdominal cavity

39
Q

what does peritoneum of pelvic cavity drape over

A

superior aspects of pelvic viscera

40
Q

4 lobes of liver

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

41
Q

5 levels of liver

A

hepatic veins > left portal vein > right portal vein > main portal vein > gallbladder/splenic vein

42
Q

how many segments of liver

A

8

43
Q

which segment is caudate lobe

A

1

44
Q

liver segments bordered by

A

main portal vein branches & 3 main hepatic veins

45
Q

liver’s relationship with other abdominal organs

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • gallbladder
  • 2nd part of duodenum
  • hepatic flexure
  • right kidney & adrenal gland
46
Q

what is pancreas

A

non-encapsulated retroperitoneal organ with endocrine & exocrine function

47
Q

where is head of pancreas

A

inside curve part formed by first 3 parts of duodenum

48
Q

where is spleen

A

under left hemidiaphragm

49
Q

where is spleen in relation to diaphragm

A

curved superior & lateral surface lying against diaphragm

50
Q

impressions placed upon spleen

A

left kidney
splenic flexure
gastric fundus

51
Q

when are rugal folds seen in stomach

A

good distension

52
Q

where is gastric fundus

A

below diaphragm posteriorly

53
Q

____ crosses midline of ___ of liver & pancreas to join ___

A

pylorus & antrum; left lobe; duodenal bulb in gallbladder

54
Q

what forms c-loop

A

duodenum extends from gastric pylorus to ligament of Treitz to form c-loop

55
Q

what does jejunum occupy

A

left upper abdomen

56
Q

what does ileum occupy

A

right lower abdomen & pelvis

57
Q

abdominal wall muscles

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

58
Q

celiac axis trifurcates into

A

common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic artery

59
Q

common hepatic artery branches into

A

gastroduodenal + hepatic artery

60
Q

hepatic artery branches into

A

left + right hepatic arteries

61
Q

where does superior mesenteric artery origin from

A

anteriorly from aorta 1 cm below celiac axis

62
Q

where does inferior mesenteric artery origin from

A

tiny anterior branch off aorta just above bifurcation

63
Q

pulmonary arteries carry

A

deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

64
Q

pulmonary veins carry

A

oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

HSC2105 Cross Section (8 decks)

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