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HSC2105 Cross Section > Brain Pt 2 > Flashcards

Brain Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hypodense, isodense, hyperdense

A

hypodense = appears black in CT
isodense = appears grey in CT
hyperdense = appears white in CT

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2
Q

what forms diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus

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3
Q

what forms telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres, deep structures

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4
Q

what forms metencephalon

A

pons & cerebellum

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5
Q

what forms myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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6
Q

what separates frontal & parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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7
Q

what separates frontal & parietal lobes from temporal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

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8
Q

where is parieto-occipital sulcus located

A

occipital cortex

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9
Q

where is primary motor cortex located in

A

precentral gyrus

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10
Q

where is primary somatosensory cortex located in

A

postcentral gyrus

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11
Q

where is the area for reception & sound processing located in

A

superior temporal gyrus

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12
Q

how to find the central sulcus on axial sections

A

sigmoid hook sign

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13
Q

what does the sigmoid hook correspond to

A

motor area of pre-central gyrus of the hand

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14
Q

what connects to pars marginalis

A

cingulate sulcus

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15
Q

how to find central sulcus on sagittal sections

A

anterior to pars marginalis close to inter-hemispheric fissure

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16
Q

how to find parieto-occipital sulcus on sagittal sections

A

find the Y-sign which is formed by parieto-occipital sulcus & calcarine sulcus

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17
Q

what are the types of tissue found in cerebrum

A

grey & white matter

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18
Q

what does grey matter form

A

surface of each cerebral hemisphere

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19
Q

what does white matter form

A

bulk of deeper parts of the brain; consists of glial cells & myelinated axons that connect grey matter

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20
Q

why is white matter shown darker than gray matter in CT

A

due to radiolucency of lipid containing tissue / myelin which is less dense than cellular grey matter

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21
Q

what is the clinical significance of corpus callosum

A

malignant lesions can grow from 1 brain hemisphere into another via this pathway

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22
Q

what acts as a relative barrier to prevent disease from passing from 1 hemisphere into another

A

falx cerebri

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23
Q

what is the largest commissural fiber

A

corpus callosum

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24
Q

what does corpus callosum connect & not connect

A

connects all areas of 2 hemispheres except lower & anterior parts of temporal lobe

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25
Q

where is corpus callosum located

A
  • superior to internal capsule in midline
  • arches over lateral ventricles
  • widens out into corona radiata
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26
Q

where are internal capsules located

A

between thalamus & caudate nucleus medially, and lentiform nucleus laterally

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27
Q

what connects anterior & posterior limb of internal capsule

A

genu

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28
Q

what supplies internal capsules

A

perforating branches of middle cerebral arteries

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29
Q

what does injury to internal capsule lead to

A

motor & sensory malfunction

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30
Q

what are the perforating branches of middle cerebral arteries susceptible to

A

lacunar infarcts

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31
Q

what is the importance of basal ganglia

A

planning & executing fine voluntary movements

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32
Q

what diseases result from basal ganglia abnormalities

A

parkinson’s & huntington’s disease

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33
Q

caudate nucleus + putamen =

A

striatum

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34
Q

putamen + globus pallidus

A

lentiform nucleus

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35
Q

what does brainstem consist of

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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36
Q

where is brainstem located

A

between cerebrum & spinal cord

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37
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

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38
Q

olfactory nerve

A

1st CN

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39
Q

optic nerve

A

2nd CN

40
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

3rd CN

41
Q

trochlear nerve

A

4th CN

42
Q

trigeminal nerve

A

5th CN

43
Q

abducent nerve

A

6th CN

44
Q

facial nerve

A

7th CN

45
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

8th CN

46
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

9th CN

47
Q

vagus nerve

A

10th CN

48
Q

spinal accessory nerve

A

11th CN

49
Q

hypoglossal nerve

A

12th CN

50
Q

what forms CSF spaces

A

sulci
fissures
basal cisterns
ventricles

51
Q

what is tentorium cerebelli continuous with

A

falx cerebri

52
Q

what is tentorium cerebelli

A

dura mater infolding

53
Q

what does tentorium cerebelli separate

A

cerebrum from cerebellum

54
Q

what anchors tentorium cerebelli

A

petrous bones

55
Q

what is the clinical significance of tentorium cerebelli

A

In subarachnoid / subdural haemorrhage, tentorium becomes denser to blood layering

56
Q

what separates the 2 hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure & falx cerebri of dura mater

57
Q

what connects both hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

58
Q

what separates dura & arachnoid mater

A

pathological processes but considered an anatomical unit

59
Q

what supplies cerebellum

A

superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

60
Q

what does superior cerebellar artery supply

A
  • superior & middle cerebellar peduncles
  • midbrain
61
Q

what does anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

A
  • middle cerebellar peduncles
  • inferolateral pons
62
Q

what does posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

A
  • inferior cerebellar peduncles
  • inferolateral medulla
63
Q

what drains cerebellum

A

superior & inferior cerebellar veins > superior petrosal, transverse and straight dural venous sinuses

64
Q

what are branches of internal carotid artery

A

anterior & middle cerebral artery

65
Q

what are branches of basilar artery

A

posterior cerebral artery

66
Q

what does anterior cerebral artery supply

A

anteromedial part of cerebrum

67
Q

what does middle cerebral artery supply

A

most of lateral parts of cerebrum

68
Q

what does posterior cerebral artery supply

A

medial & lateral sides of cerebrum posteriorly

69
Q

where does falx cerebri begin and end

A

begins anteriorly from crista galli & ends at internal occipital protuberance

70
Q

what does internal capsules connect with corona radiata to reach

A

superiorly w/ white matter of cerebral hemispheres
inferiorly w/ brain stem

71
Q

what is the largest subarachnoid cistern

A

cisterna magna

72
Q

which cistern is anterior to pons

A

prepontine cistern

73
Q

which cistern surrounds infundibulum

A

suprasellar cistern

74
Q

which cistern is between the cerebral crura

A

interpeduncular cistern

75
Q

which cistern is known as the cistern of the great cerebral vein

A

quadrigeminal cistern

76
Q

which cistern surrounds back of midbrain

A

ambient cistern

77
Q

which cistern is at the cerebellopontine angle

A

cerebellopontine cistern

78
Q

which cistern is anterior to medulla

A

premedullary cistern

79
Q

which cistern is superficial to insular cortex

A

sylvian cistern

80
Q

what supplies paracentral lobule

A

anterior cerebral artery

81
Q

what is calcarine sulcus associated with

A

primary visual cortex

82
Q

what does damage to paracentral lobule lead to

A

lower limb weakness & urinary incontinence

83
Q

what does cribriform plate fracture lead to

A

CSF Rhinorrhea = brain infection

84
Q

Insula AKA

A

island of Reli

85
Q

what cells are found in white matter

A

glial cells & myelinated axons that connect gray matter

86
Q

central sulcus confirmation

A
  • sigmoid sign
  • superior frontal sulcus connects to pre central sulcus
  • pars marginalis next / posterior to central sulcus
  • intersection of intraparietal sulcus to post central sulcus
  • pre central gyri thicker than post central gyri; central sulcus located between both
87
Q

the larger the homenculi area, the ___ the movements

A

finer

88
Q

white matter of the cerebellum

A

dentate
globose
emboliform
fastigi nucleus

89
Q

what drains cerebellum

A

superior & inferior cerebellar veins

90
Q

___ wraps around anterior aspect of pons before reaching cerebellum

A

SCA & AICA

91
Q

how many pairs of nerves

A

43; 31 spinal, 12 CN

92
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

93
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe of pituitary gland

94
Q

where does pilot scan start & end

A

base of skull to vertex

95
Q

WW

A

contrast

96
Q

WL

A

brightness

97
Q

what view can only be done in MRI

A

oblique

HSC2105 Cross Section (8 decks)

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