Thorax Flashcards
State the 5 functions of the skeleton
- source of RBC
- movement
- protects viscera
- support
- contains minerals (acts as reservoir)
Which structures make up the axial and appendicular skeleton?
Axial- ribs, skull, vertebrae
Appendicular- limbs
State the definition of true, false and floating ribs and allocate which ribs are which?
True- direct articulation to sternum (Ribs 1-7)
False- some anterior connection to other ribs (Ribs 8-10)
Floating- no connection to other ribs or articulation to sternum (Ribs 11 & 12)
State the three sections of the sternum.
Manubrium
Sternal body
Xiphoid process
State the articulation sites of the vertebrae and what they articulate with.
Demi facets- articulation to rib head
Facets- articulation to rib tubercle
Spinous process (bony projection)- muscles and ligaments of the spine. Inferiorly facing in neck, lumbar and throrax region for maximum movement.
Transverse process (bony projection)- muscles, ligaments and ribs
State what is being joined together in
a) costoverterbral joints
b) costotransverse joints
c) intervertebral joints
d) sternocostal joints
e) interchondral joints
f) costochondral joints
g) sternoclavicular joints
a) rib head to demi facet on vertebrae
b) rib tubercle to transverse process
c) between thoracic vertebrae
d) sternum to costal cartilage
e) between adjacent ribs
f) rib to costal cartilage
g) sternum to clavicle
How do irregular ribs differ?
They don’t articulate with 2 ribs bandits respective disc,
only one.
E.g. 1st, 11th and 12th
Which structures make up the a) superior thoracic aperture and b) inferior thoracic aperture?
a) manubrium, rib 1, T1
b) Xiphoid process, T12 and rib 11&12
How does a babies rib cage differ to an adults?
- protruding xiphoid process
- horizontal ribs
- restricted lateral expansion
- circular chest cavity
State the origin, insertion, function and innervation of Pectoralis major.
Clavicle and sternum
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus
Lateral and medial pectoral nerve
State the origin, insertion, function and innervation of Pectoralis minor.
Rib 3-5
Corocoid process
Stabilise scapula
Medial pectoral nerve
State the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the intercostal muscles.
Ribs 1-11
Varies
Expiration and inspiration
Intercostal nerve in subcostal groove
State the origin, insertion, function and innervation of Serratus anterior.
Ribs 1-8
Medial border
Protract scapula
Long thoracic nerve
Function of the deltoid muscle?
Abduct humerus
State the main arterial supply of the thoracic cage
Thoracic artery - > posterior intercostal artery
Subclavian artery -> anterior intercostal artery
State 5 facts about breasts.
- superficial to pec major
- glands drain into 15-20 lactiferous ducts
- Supplied by axillary, internal thoracic and 2nd-4th intercostal arteries
- Lymph drainage : 75% axillary, 25% parasternal
- sensation carried by 4th-6th intercostal nerves
Describe the movement of abnormal activity between pleura.
Cant pass between pleura because mediastinum completely isolates them
Pleural membranes extend higher than T1 so abnormalities in neck can extend to adjacent pleura.
Describe 2 roles of the mediastinum
- Protect heart, trachea and oesophagus and important blood vessels and nerves
- Acts as a conduit for phrenic nerves which supply diaphragm, nerves from neck -> abdomen, and major blood vessels en route.
Describe the posterior, medial and anterior components of the axillary inlet
Posterior- Scapula
Medial- Rib I
Anterior- Clavicle
How do structures that supply the abdomen pass?
Posteriorly or pierce through diaphragm
State the 7 reasons why the horizontal plane between T4 T5 is important.
- marks the point at which the trachea bifurcates
- distinguishes the superior and inferior mediastinum
- marks the sternal angle, therefore marks Rib 2
- marks upper limit of pericardium
- marks point at which superior Vena Cava penetrates pericardium
- marks the superior limit of the pulmonary trunk
- marks where the aorta begins to arch
