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CV System > Thorax 3: The heart, internal structure and surface anatomy > Flashcards

Thorax 3: The heart, internal structure and surface anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the layers of the heart and their functions

A

Myocardium - cardiac muscle
Endocardium - lines the chambers and valves
pericardium - simple squamous epithelium that secretes serous fluid

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2
Q

What secretes serous fluid into the pericardial space

A

the squamous epithelium of the pericardium

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3
Q

what brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

A

IVC
SVC
coronary sinus

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4
Q

Describe the direction of the outflow tract of the right atrium

A

the tricuspid valve faces anterior and medially to the left

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5
Q

What is the purpose of musculi pectinati?

A

it roughens the wall of the right atrium from the crista terminalis into the auricle
this strengthens the walls of the right atrium without thickening it

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6
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

the boundary between the rough and smooth walls of the right atrium

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7
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the atria

A

the interatrial septum

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8
Q

Where is the SA node located

A

close to the opening of the SVC on the superior side of the crista terminalis

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9
Q

Where is the AV node located

A

on the septum between the opening of the coronary sinus and tricuspid valve

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10
Q

describe the outflow tract of the right ventricle

A

up and backwards via the infundibulum to the pulmonary trunk

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11
Q

what is the role of the infundibulum

A

Smooth part of the wall to create laminar flow

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12
Q

What roughens and strengthens the walls of the ventricles

A

Trabeculae carne

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13
Q

what is the septomarginal trabecula?

A

part of the trabeculae carne that bridges the anterior papillary muscle with inferior portion of the interventricular septum

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14
Q

describe the shapes of the ventricles

A

the right is crescent shaped and the left is round due to the bulge in the interventricular septum

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15
Q

how many cusps do each papillary muscle send chordae tendinae to?

A

2

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16
Q

what links the pulmonary artery and the arch of the aorta

A

ligamentum arteriosum

17
Q

what is the relation of the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

A

posterior to aorta

18
Q

what are the 3 cusps of the pulmonary valve

A

anterior right and left

19
Q

what does competence of the mitral and tricupsid valves rely on

A

papillary muscles

20
Q

how many pulmonary veins are there?

A

4

21
Q

where are musculi pectinae found in the left atrium

A

left atrium

22
Q

what is found posterior to the left atrium?

A

oesophagus and descending thoracic aorta f

23
Q

what makes up the intraventricular wall of the left ventricle?

A

membranous and muscular portions from 4 embryological regions

24
Q

what is special about the right and left aortic cuspids

A

they contain sinuses that form the opening of the coranory arteries

25
Q

what is the cardiac skeleton?

A

it is a fibrous right that supports the valves and myocardium

26
Q

what is the purpose of the cardiac skeleton

A

it separates electrically the myocardium of the atria and the ventricles to prevent the spread of the impulse between them

27
Q

what is the only point of conduction between the atrium and ventricles?

A

AV Bundle of His

28
Q

What happens during systole

A

the atria relax and fill with blood
ventricles contact and force blood out
mitral and tricuspid valves close

29
Q

what causes the first heart sound

A

closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves during systole

30
Q

what happens during diastole

A

AV valves open and ventricles relax and fill with blood passively
Atria contact
aortic sinuses fill as blood falls back against the aortic valve

31
Q

what causes the second heart second

A

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves during diastole

32
Q

what causes an extra heart sound

A

calcification of aortic and pulmonary valves

33
Q

where would you listen to the aortic valves

A

2nd right intercostal space

34
Q

where would listen to pulmonary valves

A

2nd left intercostal space

35
Q

where would listen to tricuspid valves

A

4/5th interspace left

36
Q

where would listen to mitral flow

A

5th left interspace mid clavicular line

37
Q

what are the 4 corners of the heart?

A

2nd left CC
3rd Right CC
6th Right CC
5th left interspace

CV System (18 decks)

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