Thorax 1: Body Cavities and Serous Membranes Flashcards
Name the muscles overlying the thoracic cage
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior
What are the attachments of pectoralis major?
clavicle, costal cartilages and sternum to humerus (anterior lip of intertubercular groove)
Movements of pectoralis major
shoulder flexion and adduction
What are the attachments of Pectoralis minor?
Ribs 3,4 and 5 to coracoid process
What is pectoralis minor a landmark for?
axillary artery and brachial plexus
what is the function of pectoralis minor?
stabilises scapula
name the attachments of lat dorsi
iliac crest, lower t and L spines to humerus (floor of intertubercular groove)
movements of lat dorsi
shoulder extension and adduction
attachments of serratus anterior
upper 8 ribs to medial border of the scapula
movements of serratus anterior
scapular protraction and rotation in abduction
Describe the breast tissue
glandular tissue in fibrofatty stroma
how many breast ducts are there
16 converging on the nipple
which blood vessels supply the breast
Axillary and internal thoracic arteries
Which ribs do the breast relate to?
Ribs 2-6
Describe Level 1 tumour spead
Anterior/pectoral group, lateral to pec minor
Describe Level 2 tumour spread
Central group, deep to pec minor
Describe Level 3 tumour spread
Apical group, medial to pec minor
Aside from the lungs and heart, what structures lie within the boundaries of the rib cage?
Lung, stomach, spleen and kidneys
Name the two movements of inhalation
Pump handle and bucket handle
Describe pump handle movement
rib elevation pushes sternum out and up to increase thoracic anterior-posterior diameter
describe bucket handle movement
rib eversion to increase lateral diameter of the throax
what causes exhalation
Automatic, passive movement by elastic recoil of the lungs
Name the borders of the thoracic inlet
T1, 1st rib and costal catilage and manubrium
Name from anterior to posterior the vessels crossing the 1st rib
SC Vein, SC Artery and inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
Name the nerves found passing through the thoracic inlet
Vagus, recurrent laryngeal and phrenic
what is the function of the phrenic nerve
sole motor supply to the diaphragm
Name the borders of the thoracic outlet
T12, ribs 11 and 12, costal margin and xiphoid process
Name the 3 openings in the diapragm
Caval, oesophageal and aortic openings
Name the level and contents of the caval opening
T8
inferior vena cava
R phrenic nerve
Name the level and contents of the oesophageal opening
T10
oesophagus
vagal trunks
left gastric vessels
Name the level and contents of the aortic opening
T12
Aorta
Azygous vein
Thoracic duct
Name the 4 corners of the heart
2nd L CC
3rd R CC
6th R CC
L 5th interspace
What divides the superior and inferior mediastinum
The plane between the sternal angle and 2nd CC and T4/5
What lies directly behind the breastbone?
anterior mediastinum
what are the divisions of the inferior mediastinum
middle and posterior mediastinum
What is found in the anterior mediastinum
Thymus
What is found in the superior mediastinum
Trachea and oesophagus
aortic arch
phrenic and vagus nerves
SVC
What vessels enter the SVC
L and R brachiocephalic and azygous vein
What is found in the posterior mediastinum
Aorta
oesophagus
thoracic duct
azygous veins
