Thorax 2 Flashcards
what separates the pleural cavity from the mediastinum
parietal pleura
4 surfaces of parietal pleura
costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
cervical
where is the cervical parietal pleura
up to neck over apex of the lung
describe the visceral pleura
continuos with mediastinal pleura at root of lung
what is pleural recess
spaces seen during quiet respiration
two types of pleural recess
costo-diaphragmatic
costo-mediastinal
how many fissures on the right lung
2
3 lobes: superior middle and inferior
what rib does the horizontal fissure follow
4th
what rib does the oblique fissure follow
6th
how many people can the azygos lobe be found
1%
azygos vein may abnormally loop over apex of right lung instead of the hilum and isolate a part of it
what could appear black in the hilum of a lung
bronchial lymph nodes - blackened by pollution
where does the trachea bifuricate
carina- T4
what is secondary bronchi called
lobar
what is tertiary bronchi called
segmental
where would you listen to the apex of the lung
above clavicle
where would you listen to the superior lobe
2 intercostal space
mid clavicular line
inferior lobe sound
6th intercostal space
axillary line
middle lobe sound
4th intercostal space
mid clavicular line
where would you listen to the left lung
on patients back
what separates the superior and inferior mediastinum
transverse thoracic plane
where doess the thymus sit
on top of the heart
site of T cell maturation
superior border of superior mediastinum
manubrium, superior thoracic aperture
inferior border of superior mediastinum
transverse thoracic plane
anterior border of superior mediastinum
manubrium
posterior border of superior mediastinum
bodies of thoracic vertebrate
lateral border of superior mediastinum
lungs and mediastinal pleura
where is the central tendon of diaphragm when lying down and standing up
T9 - xiphisternal junction
T10 - middle of xiphoid process
2 nerves supplying mediastinum
phrenic and vagus nerves
nerve roots of phrenic
c3, c4,c5
path of right phrenic nerve
lateral to right brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava
crosses root of lung
leaves thoracic by passing through vena cava hiatus at T8
passes of right atrium
path of left phrenic
over pericardium of left ventricle
along left side of left subclavian artery
where is the transverse pericardial sinus
behind aorta and pulmonary trunk
used to stop or divert circulation of blood whilst performing surgery
where is the oblique pericardial sinus
behind the heart
what is an aortic sinus
small dilatations that occur just above the aortic valves (cusps)
what is an orifice of a coronary artery
holes within the sinus
muscle in the right atrium
musculi pectinati
crest separating smooth and rough layer in RA
cristal terminalis
surrounding the fossa ovalis
annulus
which septum is the fossa ovalis found
interatrial
muscle in the RV
trabeculae cranae
what is the infundibulum
smooth walled entrance from RV to pulmonary artery
what is the moderator band
carries fibres of right bundle branch
how many orifices does the left atrium have
4- pulmonary veins
what coronary vessels lie in the atrioventricular groove
right coronary artery
anterior cardiac vein
LAD
what coronary vessels lie in the anterior interventricular groove
anterior interventricular artery
great cardiac vein
coronary vessels in the posterior interventricular groove
posterior interventricular artery
middle cardiac vein
right side of heart arteries
right coronary artery
posterior interventricular artery
marginal
left side of heart arteries
left coronary artery
anterior IV
circumflex artery
coronary veins
coronary sinus (drains into RA)
great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
