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Anatomy 3 > Thorax 2 > Flashcards

Thorax 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When at rest and breathing quietly, How is Inspiration produced: with= without=?

A

With diaphragm

Without ribs

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2
Q

When at rest and breathing quietly, How is expiration produced?

A

Elastic forces of the diaphragm muscle tonicity

Elastic contraction of the lungs

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3
Q

Activation of the External Intercostals produce what sort of movement of what part of the body?

A

upward and forward movement of the anterior chest wall

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4
Q

Activation of the Scalene muscles is used when? What moves?

A

Deep respiration

1st, 2nd ribs, manubrium moves

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5
Q

What type of joint is the sternocostal joints of 1,6,7?

A

synchondrosis

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6
Q

What type of joint is the sternocostal joint of 2-6?

A

plane synovial

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7
Q

What sternocostal joints are most mobile?

A

2-6 bc it’s plane synovial joints

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8
Q

What motion does the sternocostal joints of 2-6 assist in?

A

pump handle, the upper ribs in respiration of anterior/posterior motion

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9
Q

What is the junction of the manubrium and the sternal body?

A

manubrosternal joint aka sternal angle

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10
Q

what sort of joint is sternal angle?

A

symphesis joint

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11
Q

What other feature of the thorax assists with the pump handle motion in respiration?

A

30 degrees angulation of the ribs below the transverse plane

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12
Q

Why will the lungs expand with the thorax?

A

Interconnection between the parietal and visceral pleura

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13
Q

What are the muscles involved in respiration have in common?

A

they are either attached to the rib, clavicle, or sternum

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14
Q

What muscles could be involved inforced inhalation?

A

SCM, scalenes, external intercostals, Serratus posterior superior, levator costorum, pecoralis minor

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15
Q

How is Pectoralis major involved in respiration?

A

both inspiration/expiration.
Depends on the orientation of the arm, changing it’s origin.
When arm is on its side: expiration
When arm is above the head: inspiration

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16
Q

What are muscles of forced expiration?

A

Internal/ innermost intercostals and

Abdominal muscles

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17
Q

During vigorous breathing what occurs to the diaphragm and how?

A

diaphragm is pushed up by the abdominal wall muscles which raise the intra abdominal pressure

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18
Q

How else does the abdominal wall muscles assist the actions of the internal intercostals during breathing?

A

abdominal wall muscles pull the lower ribs downward

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19
Q

Activation of the internal intercostals produce what motion of the anterior chest wall?

A

downward and backwards movement

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20
Q

What other minor muscles are involved in respiration?

A

levators costarum
serattus posterior muscles
transverses thoracis
innermost intercostal muscles

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21
Q

What is the largest blood vessel of the body?

A

Aorta

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22
Q

Where does the aorta come from?

A

left ventricle of the heart

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23
Q

What valve is in between the aorta and the left ventricle?

A

Semi-lunar valve

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24
Q

What is the branches off the aorta in order of branching?

A

ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta

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25
Q

What are the two branches that emerge from the ascending aorta? and where do they go?

A

right and left Coronary arteries= parincimas of the heart (myo/epi/endocardium)

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26
Q

What are the branches of the arotic arch?

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

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27
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

right common carotid

right subclavian artery

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28
Q

What arises to the left and right of the ascending aorta?

A

Left: pulmonary trunk
Right: superior vena cava

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29
Q

What is the physical connection between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch?

A

fibrous tissue called ligamentum arteriosum

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30
Q

In utero what is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

ductus arteriosum

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31
Q

What nerve travels along the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch area?

A

vegas nerve

32
Q

What branch of the vegas nerve loops around the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

33
Q

What are the two largest veinous vessels?

A

inferior vena cava

superior vena cava

34
Q

The inferior vena cava will drain all blood from where?

A

Inferior the diaphragm

35
Q

The superior vena cava will drain all blood from where?

A

All superior to the diaphragm

36
Q

What drains into the superior vena cava?

A

Right brachiocephalic vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

37
Q

How are the right/left brachiocephalic vein oriented differently?

A

Left is longer and horizontal sitting on top of the heart

Right is vertical and shorter

38
Q

What drains into the brachiocephalic veins?

A 
internal jugular (from the neck)
subclavian vein (from the UE)
39
Q

What space does the internal jugular veins drain into the brachiocephalic veins?

A

superior thoracic appature

40
Q

What branches from the subclavian artery from the thorax through the transverse foramena of the vertebra superiorly?

A

vertebral arteries

41
Q

What major vessel emerges inferiorly from the subclavian artery/vein?

A

Internal thoracic artery/vein

42
Q

How does the internal thoracic artery/vein oriented?

A

Inside of the thorax running side by side just lateral to the sternum itself. Travels deep to the rib and the parietal pleura, transversus thoracic muscles

43
Q

Once the internal thoracic artery/vein travels through the diaphragm inferiorly into the abdomen, it be in between what two structures?

A

rectus abdomenus muscle bellies

posterior rectus sheath

44
Q

Once the internal thoracic artery/vein passes through the diaphragm it will change it’s name to what?

A

Superior epigastric artery/vein

45
Q

What does the superior epigastric artery/vein anastamose with?

A

inferior epigastric artery/vein

46
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery/vein emerge from?

A

exterior iliac artery/vein

47
Q

What supplies blood to the anterior chest walls?

A

internal thoracic artery/vein

48
Q

What is the groove of the rib called?

A

costal groove

49
Q

What travels in the costal groove?

A

intercostal nerve, artery, veins

50
Q

Where does the intercostal artery emerge directly from?

A

descending aorta

51
Q

What innervates the motor/sensory information to the anterior trunk?

A

anterior rami

52
Q

What are the intercostal nerves actually?

A

anterior rami

53
Q

How are dermatomes oriented in the trunk?

A

T2 starting from the nipple line and in strips down the trunk in order

54
Q

What travels parallel to the vertebra with bulbous units in it?

A

sympathetic trunk

with sympathetic ganglion providing sympathetic information

55
Q

Intercostal muscles are striated therefore what type of muscles?

A

voluntary skeletal muscles

56
Q

What is the interaction and connection between the sympathetic trunk and intercostal nerve called?

A

rami communicante

57
Q

What is the importance of the rami communicante?

A

connecting the intercostal nerve and sympathetic trunk, if there is a need for autonomic action like high levels of activity to increase respiration sympathetic trunk will send info to the intercostal nerves

58
Q

The intercostal veins unlike the artery don’t drain directly into a major vessel. Before draining into the superior vena cava what vessel does it drain into?

A

Azygos

59
Q

How is the Azygos vein oriented?

A

Right side of the thoracic vertebral body

60
Q

How does the right intercostal veins drain into the Azygos?

A

drains directly into the Azygos vein.

61
Q

How does the left intercostal veins drain into the Azygos?

A

Hemiazygos

Accessory Hemiazygos

62
Q

What intercostals drain into the Hemiazygos and Accessory Hemiazygos veins?

A

The lower intercostal veins of the left side drain into the hemiazygos and the midrange intercostal veins on the left side drains into the accessory hemiazygos vein

63
Q

How does the upper intercostal veins of the left side drain into the azygos vein?

A

directly

64
Q

What muscles are in front of the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein?

A

pectoralis major and SCM

65
Q

The subclavian vein travels under what other muscle besides the SCM and pec major?

A

pectoralis minor

66
Q

The Internal jugular vein travels under what other muscle other than SCM and pec major?

A

Omohyoid muscle

67
Q

What does the internal jugular vein lie just in front of in the neck?

A

common carotid artery

68
Q

Where does the azygos vein enter the superior vena cava?

A

Posterior aspect of the superior vena cava just before it enters the pericardium

69
Q

What covers the intercostal nerves, artery, vein

A

parietal pleura

70
Q

How does Rami communcante travel from the sympathetic trunk?

A

laterally

71
Q

What travels medially off the lower thoracic sympathetic trunk?

A

Splanchnic nerves

72
Q

What are the Splanchnic nerves?

A

starting inferiorly starting from T7, it provides sympathetic information to abdomen

73
Q

What transmits parasympathetic information to the abdomen?

A

vegas nerve

74
Q

What is the path of the vegas nerve superior to inferior?

A
  • Neck: carotid sheath: inbetween common carotid artery and internal jugular vein
  • travels down through superior thoracic appature
  • travels on both sides of the heart in the region known as the mediastinum
  • branches off to provide parasympathetic to the pericardium
  • some branches go back up to the larynx as laryngeal nerve
  • inferiorly it will look like cobweb and surrounds the esophagus, now called esophogeal plexus
  • conti. inferiorly and webs the celiac trunk
75
Q

What provides sym/parasympathetic information to the celiac trunk?

A

The vegas nerve traveling inferiorly as esophogeal plexus will provide parasympathtic info
-The Splanchnic nerves will provide sympathetic info

Anatomy 3 (4 decks)

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