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Anatomy 3 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

0
Q

What arises inside and along the costal margin?

A

The diaphragm

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1
Q

What is the lower edge of the rib cage by the last three ribs and costal arch called?

A

Costal Margin

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2
Q

What forms the upper limit of the abdominal cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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3
Q

What is the posterior part of the abdominal cavity?

A

Lumbar vertebrae body

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4
Q

What does the word pelvis commonly used short term for?

A

The bony pelvis
And
Pelvic cavity together

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5
Q

What is the pelvic cavity also known as?

A

True pelvis

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6
Q

What does the bony pelvis consist of?

A

The sacrum and the two annominate bones

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7
Q

What is the pelvic cavity?

A

Deep and narrow space enclosed by the lower parts of the annominate bones and the ligaments and muscles

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8
Q

What is the most anterior part of the sacrum called?

A

Sacral promontory

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9
Q

What adheres to the sacral promontory?

A

L5 and S1’s IV disk

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10
Q

What is the lateral portion of the sacral bone?

A

Ala or wing of the sacrum

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11
Q

The hip bone is aka as what?

A

Innominate bone

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12
Q

What are the three bones that fuse to create the innominate bone?

A

Ischium
Publis
Ilium

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13
Q

How are the three parts of the innominate bones oriented?

A

The ischium is the most massive positioned below and behind
Pubis is light bone in the front and below
Broad ilium above

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14
Q

What is the thick lower part of the ilium called?

A

Body of the ilium

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15
Q

What is the broad and extension out above the body of the ileum called?

A

Ala or wing of the ilium.

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16
Q

What is the concavity on the inner surface of the Ala or wing of iliac called?

A

Iliac fossa

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17
Q

What is the roughened area in the iliac fossa called?

A

Auricular surface

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18
Q

What part of the ilium articulates with the sacrum?

A

Roughened area called the auricular surface

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19
Q

Where is the SI joint found?

A

In between the auricular surface and the sacrum

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20
Q

What is the broad roughened edge on the superior aspect of the ileum?

A

Iliac crest

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21
Q

What is the anterior and posterior aspect of the iliac crest known as?

A

ASIS

PSIS

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22
Q

What is the thick ridge anterior and inferior on the pubis region of the ileum?

A

Pubic crest

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23
Q

Where does the pubic crest end?

A

Pubic tubercle

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24
Q

What is the sharp ridge lateral to the tubercle of the ileum called?

A

Pecton

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25
Q

How is the two annominate bone joined anteriorly?

A

At the pubic symphysis

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26
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis

A

Fibro cartilaginous joint

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27
Q

What are two parts that lie below the pelvic brim?

A

Ischium

Ischia public ramis

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28
Q

What makes up the borders of the pelvic brim?

A

Pubic symphysis anteriorly
Sacral promontory posteriorly
Ala of the sacrum and the superior ramis of the pubis around

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29
Q

What is the Inguinal Ligament?

A

Strong band of tissue that goes from ASIS to pubic tubercle

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30
Q

What travels under the Inguinal ligament?

A 
Femoral vein medially 
Femoral artery medially 
Femoral nerve medially 
Psoas major laterally
Iliacus muscle laterally
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31
Q

Is the Inguinal ligament an isolated structure?

A

No

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32
Q

What is the most outermost and most inferior portion of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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33
Q

What muscles make up the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity?

A

Erector Spinae
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Iliacus

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34
Q

Does the the erector spinae muscles attach to?

A

Sacrum, iliac crest, backs of vertebrae, and ribs

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35
Q

What muscles stabilize the spine?

A

Multifidus and transverse abdominus

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36
Q

How is the erector spinae enclosed on the front and back by?

A

Tendonis material called thoacolumbar fascia

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37
Q

Where does the most posterior portion of the thoracolumbar fascia arise from?

A

Spinous processes

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38
Q

Where does the anterior aspect of the thoracolumbar fascia arise from?

A

Arises from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

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39
Q

The two layers of the thoracolumbar fascia fuse how and where?

A

As a thick single layer along the border of the erector spinae

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40
Q

The thoracolumbar fascia is an important attachment site for what muscles?

A

Quadratus lumborum

Muscles of the abdominal wall

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41
Q

Where is the quadratus lumborum oriented to the erector spinae?

A

QL is anterior to ES and their fascia

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42
Q

Where does the QL arise from? And insert to?

A

12th rib
Superior part of the iliac crest
Transverse process of L1-L5

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43
Q

What does QL assist in?

A

Lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

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44
Q

Where is the psoas major located in relations to QL?

A

Psoas major lies medial to QL

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45
Q

What are the attachments of psoas major?

A

Arises from the transverse processes, IV discs, and vertebral bodies of T12-L5.
Runs down and across the alar of the sacrum, across the SI joint, and along the pelvic brim

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46
Q

What is the combo of iliacus and psoas major known as?

A

Olio psoas

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47
Q

What are the muscles known as hip flexor? And where do they both attach to?

A

Psoas major and iliacus

Lesser trochantor of the femur

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48
Q

The iliacus is found where?

A

Fills in the iliac fossa and arises from the wing of the ileum

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49
Q

How is the iliopsoas created? And at what level ?

A

At the level of the Inguinal ligament
Medial fibers of the iliacus
Plus
Lateral fibers of the psoas

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50
Q

What does the iliopsoas travel deep to and attach to?

A

Deep to Inguinal ligament and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur

51
Q

What is the main function of iliopsoas

A

Flexion of the hip

52
Q

The iliacus and its fascia continue inferiorly and form what?

A

A continuation of the posterior abdominal wall that slopes downward, forward, and inward and ends at the Inguinal ligament.

53
Q

What muscle spans from the lower anterior ribs to the pubis?

A

Rectus abdominus

54
Q

What are the three other flat muscles besides the Rectus abdominus?

A

Transverse abdominus
Internal oblique
External oblique

55
Q

What is the tendons of the flat muscles in the abdominal cavity called?

A

Aponeurosis

57
Q

Describe the Rectus abdominus shape and size and the attachments.

A

Very long muscle that tapers down as it travels inferiorly.

Attaches from the 5th, 6th, 7th costal cartilage and inserts into pubic crest

58
Q

What type of joint is the SI Joint?

A

Plane synovial joint anteriorly and syndesmosis posteriorly

59
Q

What is found in the false pelvis?

A

Rectum
Bladder
Uterus

60
Q

What is the parts of the pubis of the ileum, starting from the pubic symphesis laterally?

A

Pubic crest, Pubic tubercle, superior pubic ramus

61
Q

What is the suture line seperating in the ischeal?

A

inferior public ramus and posteriorly is the ischeal ramus.

62
Q

What is the opening in between the inferior pubic ramus, ischeal ramus, and superior pubic ramus?

A

opperatur foramen

63
Q

When sitting upright posture what are you sitting on?

A

ischeal tuberosity

64
Q

When sitting slouched what are you sitting on?

A

sacrum

65
Q

When hyperarched and super erect what are you sitting on?

A

pubic symphesis

66
Q

Why is the ischeal tuberosity so large?

A

due to it being the origin point for the collection of muscles called hamstring

67
Q

What attaches to the thin line of bone known as pecten pubis

A

pectineus muscle

68
Q

What is the Inguinal ligament a continuation of superiorly/inferiorly?

A

sup: external oblique aponeurosis
inf: fascia lata

69
Q

What is the fascia which surrounds the lower extremity?

A

Fascia Lata

70
Q

What surrounds the multifidus superfically and deep?

A

superficially: thoracodorsal apeneurosis
deep: erector spinae apeneurosis

71
Q

Describe transverse abdominal apeneurosis.

A

It is very thick and goes totally around the trunk until it joins with the thoracodorsal apeneurosis like a corset

72
Q

In a healthy person when should the multifidus and TA activate?

A

at the same time

73
Q

What does the LQ do?

A

inforces expiration
elevates the pelvis
ipsilateral lateral flexion

74
Q

What innervates the psoas major?

A

directly off the lumbar plexus

75
Q

What innervates the iliacus?

A

femural nerve since it’s inferior to the lumbar plexus

76
Q

What does the iliopsoas, mostly psoas major do?

A

flexes the hips and

causes lordodic curvature therefore results in lumbar extension

77
Q

What is the tendoneous white line that travels vertically in the middle of the rectus abdominus?

A

linea alba

78
Q

Running horizontal on the rectus abdominus?

A

tendinous intersections

79
Q

Where does the rectus abdominus attach to?

A

xyphoid process
costal cartilages of ribs 5, 6, 7
pubic symphesis
pubic crest

80
Q

Function of the rectus abdominus?

A

trunk flexion

81
Q

What innervates the rectus abdominus?

A

anterior rami

82
Q

What covers the recuts abdominus post/ant?

A

anterior rectus sheath

posterior rectus sheath

83
Q

What is the Arcuate line?

A

an invisible line, superior to it thick fascia, inferior to it is loose thin fascia

84
Q

Both ant/post sheaths are made up of what?

A

abdominal apeneurosis

85
Q

What makes up the abdominal apeneurosis?

A

apeneurosis of internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominus

86
Q

The final destination of apeneurosis of internal oblique, external oblique, and transverse abdominus is where?

A

laterally to medially into the linea alba of rectus abdominus

87
Q

Tendinous intersections adhere to which rectus sheath?

A

anterior rectus sheath of the rectus abdominus

88
Q

What structures would be disrupted if rectus abdominus had a fibrous firm attachment to the posterior rectus sheath?

A

Superior/inferior epigastric bc it runs in between in the posterior rectus sheath and rectus abdominus

89
Q

How are the fibers of the transverus abdominus oriented?

A

runs transversely except for the lower fibers run more obliquely

90
Q

What are the attachments of transversus abdominus?

A
  • inner aspect of the costal margin from ribs 6-12
  • between the 12th rib and ilium transverses arising from the edge of the erector spinae apeneurosis
  • inner aspect of the iliac creast
  • lowest part from most lateral surface of the inguinal ligament
91
Q

Where can you palpate just the transverus abdominus muscle?

A

just superior to the iliac crest due to not being able to isolate just the transversus abdominus muscle more superficially with other abdominal muscles there

92
Q

What is the main function of the transversus abdominus?

A

compression of the abdominal cavity and stabilization of the lumbar spine

93
Q

External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus have how many layers of apeneurosis each?

A

two on each: anteriorly and posteriorly

94
Q

How are the internal oblique muscle fibers oriented?

A

superior medially

95
Q

What are the attachments for internal oblique?

A

erector spinae apeneurosis
iliac crest
lower ribs
lateral part of inguinal ligament

96
Q

From superficial to deep what are the abdominal muscles?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus

97
Q

Transversus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique are all innervated by what?

A

anterior rami

98
Q

When internal oblique contracts bilaterally what occurs?

A

Trunk flexion

99
Q

What will unilateral contraction of the internal oblique cause?

A

ipsilateral side bending

ipsilateral trunk rotation

100
Q

How do external oblique muscle fibers run?

A

inferior medially

101
Q

What apeneurosis does rectus abdominus sit in between?

A

anterior/posterior sheath of internal oblique

102
Q

External oblique attaches where?

A

ribs 5-12
serratus anterior
blends into linea alba

103
Q

external oblique contracts unilaterally what happens?

A

contralateral rotation

ipsilateral side bending

104
Q

When the trunk is flexed what muscles are working?

A

transversus abdominus
Rectus abdominus
internal oblique
external oblique

105
Q

What are the superficial to deep layers of the abdominal space?

A

skin, Camper’s fascia, adipose tissue, Scarpa’s fascia

106
Q

In the male Camper’s fascia will what?

A

continues into the scrotum and forms Dartos Tunic

107
Q

In the female Camper’s fascia will what?

A

continue inferiorly and develop as Dartos Muliebris as underlayer of the labia majora

108
Q

Scarpa’s fascia will contibute to what in the male?

A

fundiform ligament of the penis

109
Q

What apeneuorsis will contribute to the anterior rectus sheath superior the arcuate line?

A

both apeneurosis of External oblique and the anterior apen of internal oblique

110
Q

What apeneurosis will contribute to the posterior rectus sheath superior the arcuate line?

A

both apen of transversus abdominus and the posterior apen of internal oblique

111
Q

What lies deep to the transversus abdominus?

A 
transversalis fascia
parietal peritoneum (deep to that)
112
Q

What apeneuorsis will contribute to the anterior rectus sheath inferior the arcuate line?

A

all post/anterior apeneurosis of External, interal oblique and transverse abdominus

113
Q

What apeneurosis will contribute to the posterior rectus sheath inferior the arcuate line?

A

Transversalis fascia
and
parietal peritoneum

114
Q

Due to the thinner posterior rectus sheath inferior the arcuate line what can clinically occur?

A

its about the level of the umbilicus. where you find the intestines, most common spot for umbilical herniation

115
Q

What is the inguinal ligament a continuation of?

A

thickening of the apeneurosis of the external oblique

116
Q

What opening appears 2/3 way down the inguinal ligament from the ASIS to Pubic tubercle?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

117
Q

What is the opening lateral and superior to the superifical inguinal ring?

A

deep inguinal ring

118
Q

What structures does the superficial inguinal ring pierce?

A

inguinal ligament

external oblique apeneurosis

119
Q

What structures does the deep inguinal ring pierce?

A

transversus abdomonus apeneurosis
and
internal oblique apeneurosis

120
Q

What connects the deep and superifical inguinal rings?

A

inguinal canal

121
Q

In a male what will emerge from the superficial inguinal ring?

A

spermatic cord

122
Q

What does the spermatic cord do?

A

transmits to the testicle, the testicle artery, vein, and vas defrens

123
Q

In the female what will ererge from the superficial inguinal ring?

A

round ligament of the uterus

124
Q

What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

to tether down the uterus so it won’t be too mobile

125
Q

What are the fibers above and below the openings of the inguinal canal called?

A

inferior cruz

superior cruz

Anatomy 3 (4 decks)

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