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*FRCR Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Red line is superimposed over the azygo-oesophgeal recess.

A
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2
Q

Thymus not readily identifiable on CXR after

A

8 years

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3
Q

Upper part of hilar point

A

Superiorly it is the descending upper lobe veins

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4
Q

Lower part of hilar point

A

Inferiorly it is the interlobar pulmonary artery

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5
Q

Normal hilar angle

A

120 degrees

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6
Q

Normal right paratracheal stripe width

A

3mm

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7
Q

Which hilum is higher

A

LEFT hilum is normally 1cm HIGHER

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8
Q

Right heart border is

A

RIGHT atrium ALONE

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9
Q

Normal acromioclavicular joint space is
Normal coracoclavicular joint space is

A

5mm
12mm

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10
Q

Superior angle of scapula on CXR

A
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11
Q

Left brachiocephalic vein

A
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12
Q

A - Anterior junctional line - interface of anterior lungs meeting in the midline. Runs below aortic arch and to the left caudally.

B - Azygo-oesophageal line - interface between right lung, azygous vein and oesophagus.

A
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13
Q

Transverse process of cervical Vs thoracic vertebra

A

Cervical points downwards

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14
Q

Pig Bronchus

A

Right upper lobe bronchus arises directly from trachea

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15
Q

Rhomboid Fossa of the Clavicle

A
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16
Q

A - Left main bronchus
B - Right pulmonary artery
C - Left pulmonary artery (MORE POSTERIOR)
D - Posterior tracheal stripe
E - Left hemidiaphragm

A
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17
Q

LINES in the middle of a CXR

A
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18
Q

Right inferior accessory fissure

A

Separates the medial basal segment from the other right lower lobe segments.

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19
Q

Azygous fissure separates

A

Superiorly - Anterior segment of upper love
Inferiorly - Middle lobe

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20
Q

Muscle that attaches to coracoid process to the thoracic wall.

A

Pectoralis minor

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21
Q

Airway that accompanies the right interlobar artery

A

Bronchus intermedius

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22
Q

Heart Valves on a CXR

A
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23
Q

Measure diaphragm height by

A

Line from costophrenic to cardiophrenic angle >2.5cm

24
Q

A - Cardiac Incisura (cardiac fat pad)
B - Trachea
C - Costophrenic recess
D - Left subclavian artery
E - Oblique fissure of LEFT lung

A
25
Q

Joint lateral to manubriosternal joint

A

2nd sternocostal joint

26
Q

Trachea begins at

A

C6 - level of cricoid cartilage

27
Q

Contents of aortopulmonary window

A

Ligamentum arteriosum
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Lymph nodes
Fatty tissue

28
Q

Position of the hila

A

Rt 6th rib Midclavicular line
Left - 1cm higher than the right

Normal hilar angle is 120 degrees

29
Q

A - Pedicle
B - Spinous process
C - Inferior vertebral notch
D - Facet joint
E - Intervertebral disk

A
30
Q

Three main anterior impressions on a RAO swallow

A

Aortic Arch
Left main bronchus
Left atrium

31
Q

Thoracic duct origin and termination

A

Just superior to cisterna chyli

[Crosses thorax right to left behind the oesophagus at T5/T6].

Drains into the venous angle or junction of subclavian and left internal jugular vein.

32
Q

Oesophagus lymphatic drainage

A

Upper - Deep cervical nodes
Middle - Posterior mediastinal nodes
Lower - para-aortic group of coeliac nodes

33
Q

Oesophagus arterial supply

A

Upper - Inferior thyroid artery
Middle - Aortic branches
Lower - Left gastric artery (makes sense as it also supplies GOJ)

34
Q

Artery supplying gastro-oesophageal junction

A

LEFT gastric artery

35
Q

Level of gastro-oesophageal junction

A

T10

36
Q

Branches of Subclavian Artery

A

Branches according to medial, posterior and lateral to scalenus anterior

37
Q

Intercostal arteries

A

11 in total
1 & 2 - Supreme intercostal artery
Lower 8 - Descending thoracic aorta

38
Q

4% of people have a third main coronary artery

A

Posterior coronary artery

39
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Origin: ANTERIOR Coronary sinus
(above right aortic cusp)
(makes sense as right chambers are more anterior anyway)

Passes to right and posterior to pulmonary artery
Emerges under right atrial appendage, along anterior AV groove
Conus branch: 50% cases
Sinoatrial branch: 55% of cases (45% left circumflex)

40
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Origin: POSTERIOR Coronary sinus
(above left aortic cusp)
Goes BEHIND pulmonary trunk
at 5-10mm - Bifurcation into LAD + left circumflex (in post AV groove)

15% trifurcation: Ramus Intermedius artery

41
Q

Major branches of left circumflex artery

A

Obtuse marginal arteries Labelled proximal to distal M1…

42
Q

Mitral and Tricuspid Papillary muscles

A

Both have anterior and posterior
Tricuspid also has septal

43
Q

Second most common aortic arch variant

A

Bovine arch
Left common carotid is more to the right and arises from the brachiocephalic trunk

44
Q

Branches of the axillary artery

A

Branches according to pectoralis minor muscle
1. Superior Thoracic
(Higher, top of the chest)

  1. Thoracoacromial and Lateral thoracic
    (Going lateral and towards acromion process)
  2. Subscapular and anterior + posterior circumflex humeral
    (Under scapular and around the humerus like femur)

“Scam the lawyers, save a patient”

45
Q

A - Axillary Artery
B - Lateral thoracic
C - Anterior circumflex humeral artery
D - Neck of humerus
E - 6 (Subclavian becomes axillary past lower border of first rib)

A
46
Q

A - Right bronchial artery
B - Right first intercostal artery
C - Anterior spinal artery
D - Right atrium
E - THREE Bronchial arteries usually arise from the aorta (one on the right and two on the left)

A
47
Q

Internal thoracic artery terminates as

A

Superior epigastric and superior phrenic arteries

48
Q

A - Left mainstem coronary artery
B - LAD - giving off E - diagonal branch
C - Left circumflex - giving off D - an obtuse marginal branch

A
49
Q

Most frequent form of vascular ring

A

DOUBLE AORTIC ARCH

Most common congenital heart disease - associated with this

50
Q

A - Costobranchial branch
B - Left clavicle
C - Internal thoracic artery - above it thyrocervical trunk
D - Hence this is the COSTOcervical trunk

Also aberrant right subclavian - coming directly off aorta!

A
51
Q

Third possible branch of left main coronary artery

A

Ramus Intermedius artery

52
Q

LAD gives off

A

DIAGONAL branches which run over LV

53
Q

Left circumflex artery gives off

A

Obtuse marginal branches along LATERAL border of LV

54
Q

Posterior descending artery can sometimes continue as a..

A

LV Ventricular branch

55
Q

Inferior pulmonary veins going into left atrium are more…

A

posterior than the superior ones

slide 229

56
Q
A

*FRCR Anatomy (4 decks)

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