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*FRCR Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Bony landmarks and where they attach

A
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2
Q

Femoral arterial branches

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsUNat9SZqA

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3
Q

Superficial femoral artery passes

A

Inferomedially

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4
Q

Origins for pubic bone

A

PAAAG
(GI 899)

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5
Q
A

LASS
(GI 899)

https://mrimaster.com/anatomy-hip-coronal/

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6
Q

Right capital femoral epiphysis

A
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7
Q

Peroneus brevis attaches to base of 5th MT

A
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8
Q

Triradiate cartilage

A
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9
Q

Straight head of rectus femoris: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Inserts into patella tendon

A
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10
Q

A - Ischiopubic synchondrosis
B - Left Sacroiliac joint
C - Symphysis pubic
D - Acetabular angle
E - Left triradiate cartialage

A
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11
Q

Secondary ossicles of the foot

Os Peroneum - ossicle lateral to cuboid
Os trigonum - POSTERIOR to talus
Os supratalare - Anterior superior to talus
Os talotibiale - Anterior to tibia
Os subfibulare - tip of distal fibula distal to epiphysis - adjacent to medial side of navicula
Os tibiale externum or naviculare secundarium

A
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12
Q

Popliteal groove above lateral femur condyle

A
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13
Q

Hallacul Sesamoid bone - Sesamoid near big toe - in the flexor hallucis brevis tendon -

A

2 parts = bipartate hallacal Sesamoid bone

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14
Q

Calcaneal tendon = Achilles Tendon

A
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15
Q

Greater Trochanter insertions -

A

glut medius and minimus

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16
Q

Lesser Trochanter insertions

A

iliopsoas

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17
Q

Fabella - sesamoid on distal femur posterly opposite to patella - into the lateral head of the gastroc - in 2 or 3 parts = Fabella biparta and triparta

A
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18
Q

Calcaneus has 2 ossification centres. Posterior centre ossifies at 5 and fuses at puberty

A
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19
Q

Tubercles or spines of the

A
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20
Q

Ligamentum Teres Femoris

A
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21
Q

Pectineus

A
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22
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata
Characterised by patchy fatty areas
Hypoattenuating CT
High T1/T2 Signal

A
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23
Q

Obturator internus

A
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24
Q

T1 signal in joint articulations
Cortex - No signal
Fatty Marrow - High signal
Cartilage - Intermediate signal

A
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25
Q

MCL - Uniformly black
From medial femoral epicondyle to medial tibial condyle

A
26
Q

A - Medial Patella Retinaculum

A
27
Q

E - Tendon of popliteus

A
28
Q
  1. The medial meniscus is C-shaped, and the lateral is closer to circular (O-shaped).
  2. The posterior horn of the medial meniscus is much wider than the anterior horn.
    The lateral meniscus has almost uniform width.
  3. The medial meniscus attaches to the joint capsule and deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament. The lateral meniscus attaches to the joint capsule but does not attach to the lateral collateral ligament. It does, however, have an additional attachment to the medial femoral condyle via meniscofemoral ligaments.
A
  1. The lateral meniscus is normally twice as mobile as the medial meniscus (up to 10mm movement physiologically).
  2. Both menisci normally give a low signal on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI. It is more common to injure the medial meniscus than the lateral meniscus.
29
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament terminates more MEDIALLY

A
30
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament is more striated (E)

A

Posterior cruciate ligament
- Thicker
- More uniform
- And LOW signal

31
Q

ACL - ABUL
Anterior - Backwards, Upwards, LATERAL

A

PCL - PUMF
Posterior - Upwards, Medial, Forwards

32
Q

A - Patella articular cartilage
B - PCL
C - ACL
D - Patella tendon
E - tibial tuberosity

A
33
Q

A - iliotibial band
B - LCL
C - Popliteus tendon
D - Posterior cruciate ligament
E - Medial Meniscus

A
34
Q

E - Posterior meniscofemoral ligament - Wrisberg

Present in 80% of knees
Stabilise the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

A

Anterior meniscofemoral ligament - Humphrey

[319]

35
Q

Discoid lateral meniscus
ALSO MEDIAL SIDE IS MORE FATTY / High Signal

A
36
Q

Pes anserine tendon medially

SSG - Sartorius, semi-TENDinosis, Gracilis

A

Conjoined tendon laterally - Biceps femoris tendon + LCL on fibula head

37
Q

Patella and achilles tendon is BLACK on T1 and proton density images

A
38
Q

Left fibularis longus tendon

A
39
Q

Muscles and tendons at the ankle

A
40
Q

Fibularis muscles
Longus - base of 1st and MC (plantar side)
Brevis - base of 5th (plantar side)

Longus more lateral to evis

Tertius - base of 5th (DORSAL side)

A
41
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle#/media/File:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle_-_animation_2.gif

A
42
Q

Flexor HALLUCIS longus is quite chunky behind talus

A
43
Q

3 main flexors in the deep posterior compartment medial to lateral

A

Tom, Dick and Harry
Tibialis Posterior (more medial)
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus (more lateral)

44
Q

3 main extensors in the anterior compartment medial to lateral

A

Tom Hates Dick
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus

45
Q

A - TA
B - EHL
C - FDL
D - FHL
E - TP

[355]

A
46
Q

A - Sinus Tarsi
B - Navicular
C - Plantar Aponeurosis
D - Calcaneum
E - Achilles tendon

A
47
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A
48
Q

A - Left Tibialis Anterior Tendon (THD)
E - Left Tibialis Posterior tendon (TDH)
C - Left Flexor Hallucis Longus (TDH)
D - Fibularis Brevis (more anterior / deep than than longus)

A
49
Q

Muscles and tendons of the foot axial

A
50
Q

Deltoid Ligament = medial collateral ligamentous complex

Anterior tibiotalar ligament - DEEP fibres

Posterior tibiotalar ligament
Tibionavicular ligament.
Tibiocalcaneal ligament

The deep fibres (anterior tibiotalar) are attached from the anterior colliculus of the medial malleolus to the medial talus and medial tubercle.

A
51
Q

A - Talus
B - Lateral malleolus
C - Abductor Hallucis
D - Anterior tibiotalar ligament (deep fibres of deltoid)
E - Superficial fibres of deltoid

A
52
Q

Lateral Sagittal of ankle

A
53
Q

15 - Abductor digiti minimi

A
54
Q

Coronal through hindfoot

A
55
Q

Sesamoid bone at the 1st MTPJ

A
56
Q

Tom, Dick and Harry on Coronal

B/C/D = T/D/H

TP
FDL
FHL

A
57
Q

Veins of the foot

A
58
Q

D - Anterior inferior TALOFIBULAR ligament
E - Talotibial joint
C - Peroneal retinaculum - retinaculum that holds down peroneal longus and brevis

A
59
Q

Ligaments of the ankle joint are numerous and fall broadly into three groups:

  1. The distal tibiofibular joint is classed as a syndesmosis and consists of anterior
    and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous ligament which is a
    continuation of the interosseous membrane.
A

2 The medial (deltoid) ligament complex consists of (from anterior to
posterior) the tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal and posterior tibiotalar ligaments.
The anterior portion of the deltoid ligament blends into the calcaneonavicular
(or spring) ligament.

3 Three structures make up the lateral ligament complex and they are (from
anterior to posterior) the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular and posterior
talofibular ligaments.

60
Q

A - Achille’s tendon
B - Tendon of tibialis anterior
C - Navicula
D - L4
E - Intermediate Cuneiform

A
61
Q

Foot ossicles

A
62
Q

Cyamella - sesamoid within the popliteus tendon

A

*FRCR Anatomy (7 decks)

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