Thorax Flashcards
Surface markings of the heart
5th ICS on the midlclavicular on the left to the 6th costal cartilage on the right
2nd ICS on the left to the 3rd costal cartilage on the right
SAN
Pacemaker
RA - crista terminalis
What runs in the atrieventricular sulcus?
Circumflex artery
Venous drainage of heart
Mostly through coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein - anterior
Middle - posterior
small, posterior, oblique
then the rest through venea cordis
Oesophagus course
18-25cm long
Begins at c6 at the inferior border of cricoid
left side of superior medistinum
diaphragm T10
Cricopharyngeal sphincter at C6
What nerve lies next to the Oesophagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Tracheo-oesophageal groove
What is a portosystemic anastomosis?
Connection of the portal and systemic venous system
Sphincters of the oesophagus
Anatomical - cricopharngeus
Physiological - GOJ
1. ACUTE ANGLE
2. INCREASED PRESSURE
3. MUCOSAL FOLDS
4. PINCH COCK
sliding hernia prevents high pressure
True ribs
Attach with their own costal cartilages Ribs 1-7
False ribs
Attach to the costal cartilages above them ribs 8-10
Floating
Ribs 11-12
Vagus nerve
Jugular forman - carotid sheath
Right - anterior to subclavian artery
left - in between sublacviabn and CC
Subclavian steel syndrome
Sterno-occlusive disease of the proximal subclavian artery before origin of vertebral
Retrograde
Stolen blood from the verebrobasilar
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Compression of the neurovascular bundle between scalenus medius and anterior
Surface marking of the right horizontal fissure
Transverse line drawn from 4th ICS
Oblique fissure
Posterior
T3
Medial angle of scapula -> 6th ICS
Azgous vein
Valveless
Right side
Ascending right lumbar and the right subcostal
joins SVC
Oesophagus anatomy
c6-T11
Vertebral level of PV
T6
What is the pulmonary ligament
Pleural fold that connects the mediastinal surface of the lung and the pericardium to allow expansion of pulmonary veins with increased blood flow
How to confirm this is the left lung
Flat diaphragm
Thin sharper anterior border
Azgous tributaries
My Hipo Breaths
Mediastinal
Heamiazgous
inferior and superior intercostal veins
oesophagus
bronchial
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Compression of neurovascualr bundle
What is achalasia
Motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the LES, incomplete LES relaxation
Hypertrophied musculature and absence of myesteric plexus
