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Animal Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

In what direction do the external intercostal muscles run?

A

caudoventrad

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2
Q

What nerve(s) innervates the external intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal nn.

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3
Q

What muscle is deep to the external intercostal mm.?

A

Internal intercostal mm

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4
Q

In what direction do the internal costal muscles run?

A

Incline Caudodorsad

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5
Q

What two veins join forming the cranial vena cava?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

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6
Q

Where does the vena cava drain into?

A

Right Atrium

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7
Q

Where does the caudal vena cava emerge?

A

around lumbar vertebra 6 where two common iliac veins merge.

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8
Q

When the caudal vena cava passes dorsal to the liver it

A

receives hepatic venous blood before going through caval foramen of diraphragm

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9
Q

Where can ansa sublcavia be found?

A

circling the subclavian artery

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10
Q

What ganglion do the fibers in ansa subclavia pass through first?

A

cervicothoracic ganglion

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11
Q

Where can ansa subclavia synapse onto?

A

the middle cervical ganglion or follow sympathetic trunk to head.

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12
Q

What structure does the vagus nerve run with, in what direction?

A

The esophagus toward diaphragm.

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13
Q

When does vagus nerve trunk?

A

At esophageal hiatus

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14
Q

Where can papillary muscles be found?

A

in the walls of the ventricles

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15
Q

what is the structure that connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta as a fetus?

A

Ductus arteriosis

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16
Q

The ligamentum arteriosum connects what structures?

A

The pulmonary trunk and aorta

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17
Q

What is the first branch of the aortic arch?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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18
Q

what arteries does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to?

A

two common carotid arteries
right subclavian artery

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19
Q

Where does the azygous vein empty?

A

cranial vena cava

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nn.

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20
Q

What are the points of attachment of the diaphragm?

A

lumbar vertebrae
costal arches
sternum

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20
Q

What pleura surrounds the diaphragm?

A

diaphragmatic pleura (parietal)

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21
Q

What vein does the phrenic nerve run with?

A

external jugular vein

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22
Q

How many lobes does the left lung of a dog have?

A

two;
cranial
caudal

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23
Q

How many lobes does the right lung of a dog have?

A

four;
cranial
middle
caudal
accessory (dorsal)

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24
Q

What is the thymus?

A

lymphoid organ in cranial mediastinum, large in puppies, replaced by fatty tissue at sexual maturity.

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25
Q

what is the thorax?

A

cavity within thoracic wall

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26
Q

what are the three openings of the diaphragm?

A

Esophageal hiatus
aortic hiatus
caval foramen

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27
Q

What nerves innervate the internal and external intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal nerves

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28
Q

What accompanies the intercostal nerves?

A

intercostal arteries and veins

29
Q

what veins drain into the azygous vein?

A

internal intercostal veins.

30
Q

What is the closest pleura to the lungs?

A

visceral pleura (pulmonary pleura)

31
Q

What are pleura?

A

serous membranes that line interior of thoracic cavity, mediastinum, amd envelope the lungs.

32
Q

What pleura ‘attaches’ the outside of the lungs to other organs

A

parietal pleura

33
Q

what are the divisions of parietal pleura?

A

mediastinal
diaphragmatic,
costal parietal pleura

34
Q

The mediastinum is what type of space?

A

potential space

35
Q

What part of the heart is not included in the mediastinum?

A

The caudal vena cava

36
Q

What is the only pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava?

A

plica vena cava

37
Q

What are the muscles that wrap around the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

the crura

38
Q

what foramen runs through the central tendon?

A

caval foramen

39
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

azygous vein
descending aorta
thoracic duct

40
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus?

A

branches of the vagus nerve
Esophagus

41
Q

What nervous system is the phrenic nerve apart of?

A

somatic nervous system

42
Q

What nervous system is the vagus nerve part of?

A

parasympathetic

43
Q

What nervous system branches off the lateral horns of grey mater?

A

autonomic nervous system

44
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system arise?

A

thoracolumbar region

45
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system arise?

A

craniosacral

46
Q

Where do sympathetic postganglionic nerves run?

A

With intercostal nn.

47
Q

What are the ganglia along the vertebra?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

48
Q

What is the cranial nerve associated with the vagus nerve?

A

X

49
Q

Which nervous system has long preganglionic nerve fibers?

A

parasympathetic

50
Q

Where are the pectinate muscles found?

A

Between auricles and atria of the heart.

51
Q

What is the purpose of the coronary sinus?

A

returns deoxygenated blood from the heart

52
Q

Where is the fossa ovalis located?

A

in the right atrium

53
Q

Where is the moderator band found?

A

in the right ventricle to the interventricular septum

54
Q

What gives rise to the left and right coronary arteries?

A

aortic sinus

55
Q

What is the main separation of the bronchus called

A

the carina

56
Q

What is the tracheal bronchus?

A

A cow specific bronchus that goes into right cranial lobe

57
Q

What lobes are in the left cow lung?

A

Cranial cranial lobe
cranial caudal lobe
caudal lobe

58
Q

What lobes are in the right cow lung?

A

cranial cranial lobe
cranial caudal lobe
middle lobe
accessory lobe
caudal lobe

59
Q

What lobes are in the left lung of the horse?

A

cranial lobe
caudal lobe

60
Q

what lobes are in the right lung of the horse?

A

cranial lobe
caudal lobe
accessory lobe

61
Q

What lymph nodes surround the lungs?

A

hilar lymph nodes

62
Q

Where do preganglionic nerves always exit from?

A

The central nervous system

63
Q

Which NS ganglia are grossly identifiable?

A

Sympathetic peripheral ganglia

64
Q

Where do sympathetic nerve fibers leave from?

A

Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves and assemble onto the sympathetic trunk/chain.

65
Q

What is the caudal continuation of the sympathetic trunk?

A

Splanchnic nerves.

66
Q

when sympathetic nerve fibers synapse at the cervicothoracic ganglion, where will the postganglionic innervate?

A

structures in cervical region via vertebral nerve.

67
Q

What ganglia comes before and after the ansa subclavia?

A

Before: Cervicothoracic ganglion
After: Middle cervical ganglion
After After: thru vagosympathetic trunk to cranial cervical ganglion.

68
Q

What innervation does postganglionic middle cervical ganglia have?

A

Innervation of the thoracic viscera.

69
Q

What are the fasicles of the vagosympathetic trunk?

A

preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers
vagal efferent and afferent nerve fibers

70
Q

What is the vagosympathetic trunk bundled with in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein

71
Q

Where can parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibers arrive from?

A

Brainstem
Sacral Spinal cord

Animal Anatomy (5 decks)

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