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Anatomy Part II > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major divisions of the thorax

A

Mediastinum
Paired, Lateral pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

What is the function of the thorax

A

Protection for thoracic and abdominal contents

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3
Q

What is the junction between the manubrium and body called

A

Angle of Louis

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4
Q

What rib articulates with the angle of Louis

A

Second rib

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5
Q

What rib attaches to the xiphisternal joint

A

7th rib

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6
Q

What are true ribs

A

1-7 and attach to the sternum directly via their costal cartilages

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7
Q

What are false ribs

A

Ribs 8-10, they articulate via their distal cartilages to the next superior rib

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8
Q

What are floating ribs

A

11-12, end in abdominal musculature

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9
Q

What are costovertebral joints

A

Between heads of ribs and vertebral bodies

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10
Q

What are costotransverse joints

A

Between tubercles of ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

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11
Q

What are costochondral joints

A

Between ribs and costal cartilage

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12
Q

What are sternocostal joints

A

Between costal cartilage and the sternum

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13
Q

T/f 1st coatocartilage is a synchondroses

A

True

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14
Q

What is superior thoracic aperture

A

Communicating passageway between the thorax and neck/ upper extremity

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

A

Posteriorly: vertebra T1
Laterally: the 1st ribs and their costal cartilages
Anteriorly: the superior border of the manubrium

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16
Q

What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture

A

Trachea
Esophagus
Nerves and vessels that supply/drain the head, neck, and upper extremity

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17
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture

A

The anatomical thoracic outlet

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Posteriorly: T12 vertebra
Posterolaterally: the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
Anterolaterally: the costal margins, made up of the costal cartilages 7-10
Anteriorly: the xiphisternal joint

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19
Q

Bc the diaphragm is domed, some abdominal viscera lie_________ to the plane of the inferior thoracic abdomen

A

Superior

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20
Q

What kind of muscles are the Pectoralis muscles

A

Thoracoappendicular muscles

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21
Q

How do the external intercostal muscles run

A

Inferoanteriorly

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22
Q

What is the action of external intercostal muscles

A

Inspiration and elevating the ribs

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23
Q

The externalintercostals are continuous with what

A

External oblique muscles

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24
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostals

A

Expiration

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25
What are the innermost intercostals and what travel between the,
The deepest muscles The intercostal nerves and vessels travel between them
26
What is the action of transverse thoracic muscles
Expiration and Proprioception
27
Where do the subcostal muscles run
Ribs 2-3 They depress the ribs
28
What is the primary muscle of inspiration
Diaphragm
29
What arteries and veins travel on the side of the sternum
Internal thoracic arteries and veins
30
What supplies the first 6 intercostal spaces
Anterior intercostal arteries
31
What are then2 divisions of internal thoracic artery
Musculophrenic Superior epigastric
32
The longitudinal increase during inspiration is due to what
The descent of the diaphragm
33
The costotransverse joints are planar at the more inferior levels
True
34
Medial to lateral = bucket handle Anterior to posterior increases = pump handle
True
35
What does the pulmonary cavity contain
Lungs and pleura
36
What separates the two pulmonary cavities and contains all thoaracic structures
Mediastinum
37
What is the endothoracic Fascia
Lines the entire thoracic wall superficial to the double layered pleura
38
Where does the endothoracic fascia attach
The parietal pleura from the inferior aspect of the lungs to the diaphragm
39
What are the pleural layers of the pulmonary cavity
Parietal Visceral
40
The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous with each other and represent what of the lung
The hilum
41
How many lobes are on the right lung
3: superior inferior middle
42
What are the two fissures that separate the lobes on the right lung
Oblique fissure Horizontal fissure
43
What is the pleural sleeve
The reflection of pleura where all tubular structures enter/exit the lung
44
What is the root of the lung
The actual structures passing into and out of the lung at the hilum
45
What are the root structures
Main bronchus Pulmonary artery Superior and inferior pulmonary veins
46
What is the pulmonary ligament
A double layered pleural structure continuous with the sleeve, but inferior to the root
47
How many lobes are on the left lung
2 lobes: superior and inferior
48
What separates the two lobes In the left lung
Oblique fissure
49
What is the lingula
Inferior, anterior projection of the superior lobe that tucks around the apex of the heart
50
What is the cardiac notch
Formed on the anterior border of the lung since the apex of the heart occupies this area
51
What impressions are seen on the left lung
Cardiac Groove for aortic arch Groove for descending arch Impression of common carotid and left subclavian arteries
52
Where does the trachea begin?
At cricoidcartilage, and terminates into the right, and left main brachii at the level of the sternal angle of Louis at the second rib.
53
What does the secondary bronchi supply?
Lobe of the lung two on the left and three on the right
54
What does the mediastinum include?
All thoracic viscera excluding the lungs
55
Why is the mediastinum Highy mobile?
Air movement food and liquid movement blood vessel, transmitting blood
56
What is the transverse thoracic plane?
Horizontal plane, running from the sternal angle anteriorly to the T4-T5 IV disc
57
What is superior to the transverse thoracic plane
Superior mediastinum
58
What is inferior to the transverse thoracis plane?
Inferior mediastinum
59
What is the pericardium in
Middle mediastinum
60
What is the pericardium
Fibroserous membranes covering the heart that begins in the great vessels
61
How many layers does the pericardium have
Two layers- and external fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium
62
What does the fibrous pericardium blend with
Tunica adventitious of the grease vessels SUPERIORLY and the central tendon of the diaphragm inferiorly
63
What does the parietal layer of serous pericardium become ?
Visceral layer of serous pericardium
64
What innervates the middle mediastinum
Cardiac nerve plexus
65
What is the cardiac nerve plexus
Lies on the inferior, anterior surface of the trachea. It consists of the autonomic fibers from the VAGUS N and from the sympathetic nerves
66
What do the proximal parts of the aorta, SVC, and pulmonary trunk have
Interpericardial portions
67
What nerve supplies general sense (pain) to the pericardium
Phrenic nerve
68
Where does the pericardioohrenic artery branch off of
Internal thoracic artery
69
What does the pericardiophrenic artery supply
Most of the blood to the pericardium
70
The right side of the heart supplies what
The central circulation ti the lungs
71
The left side of the lungs supples what
Peripheral structures of the body
72
What are the valves function in the heart
Prevent back flow
73
The base of the heart is superior and formed by what
Left atrium, but some of the right atrium
74
The Apex of the heart is inferior and formed by
Inferolateral part of the left ventricle
75
The left atrium and left ventricle outflow tract through what valve
Aortic valve and into the aorta
76
What are the four surfaces of the heart
Anterior Diaphragmatic Right pulmonary Left pulmonary
77
What is the anterior surface if the heart
Sternocostal formed by the right ventricle
78
What is the diaphragmatic surface formed by
Left ventricle
79
What is the right pulmonary surface formed by
Right atrium
80
What is left pulmonary surface formed by
Left ventricle
81
What are the four borders of the heart
Right border Inferior border Left border Superior border
82
What is the right border of the heart
Right atrium between the SVC and IVC
83
What is the inferior border of the heart
Right ventricle and a little of the left
84
What is the left border of the heart
Left ventricle with a bit of the left auricle
85
What is the superior border of the heart
Right and left atria and auricles
86
What is in the right atrium
Auricle Sinus venarum Pectrinate muscles Cristal terminalis Fossa ovalis
87
What is the pacemaker of the heart
Sinuatrial node located anterolateral to the junction of the SVC and right atrium
88
What is in the right ventricle
Atrioventricular oriface with the tricuspid valve Chordate tendinae Moderator band Trabeculae Carneae Conus anteriosus Pulmonic valve
89
What is in the left atrium
Unseen, but Valveless entry of 4 pulmonary veins Auricle with pectinate muscles Valve of fossa ovalis Opening into the left ventricle covered by the mitral valve
90
What is in the left ventricle
Increased thickness of the ventricular walls Mesh of trabeculae carneae ConicL nature of the entire cavity Anterior and posterior papillary muscles Mitral (bicuspid) valve Outflow part, the aortic vestibule
91
What arteries does the blood flow of the heart come from
Coronary arteries
92
The coronary arteries are the first branches of what
The aorta
93
Where does the right coronary artery arise from and travel i n
Arise from right aortic sinus and travel in the coronary groove
94
What does the right coronary artery give off branches to
SA node, right border of heart, Posterior inter ventricular artery
95
When is the heart right dominant
When the RCA gives off the posterior interventricular artery
96
Where does the left coronary artery arise from
Left aortic sinus
97
What does the left coronary artery divide into
anterior interventricular branch Left circumflex
98
T/f almost all the venous blood from the heart is returned to the R atrium via the coronary sinus which receives the great, middle, and small cardiac veins
True
99
The anterior cardiac vein empties directly where
R atrium

Anatomy Part II (5 decks)

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