Abdominal Wall And Diapragm

Question 1

What are the components of the abdominal wall

Answer 1

Musculoponeurotic walls
Diaphragm
Pelvic floor muscles
Lumbar section of vertebral column

Question 2

What is internal pressure controlled by

Answer 2

Voluntary or reflexively by the contraction/ relaxation of the diaphragm and anterolateral walls

Question 3

How many quadrants are there in the abdomen

Answer 3

4: created by the imaginary lines of the median plane and transumbilical plane

Question 4

How many regions are on the abdomen

Answer 4

9 regions created by two horizontal lines and two vertical midclavicular lines

Question 5

What is the subcostal plane

Answer 5

Touching the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage on both sides

Question 6

What is the transtubercular plane

Answer 6

Tubercle on the iliac crest, goes through the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra

Question 7

What are the functions of the muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 7

Form a strong expandable support
Protect the abdominal viscera
Oppose the diaphragm
Move the trunk/maintain posture

Question 8

What is the anterolateral abdominal wall bounded by

Answer 8

SUPERIORLY cartilage of the 7-10 rib and xiphoid process
Inferiorly by the inguinal ligament and superior margin of the anterolateral aspect of the pelvic girdle

Question 9

What does the Rectus abdominis do

Answer 9

Compresses the viscera but can flex the trunk In the lumbar region

Question 10

What does the pyramidalis muscle do

Answer 10

Draws the linea alba downward toward the pubis

Question 11

Where the the external oblique muscle run

Answer 11

Ribs 5-12 to the iliac crest and pubis and also attached to linea alba

Question 12

What is the linea semilunaris

Answer 12

Lateral limits of the Rectus sheath more apparent in lean individuals

Question 13

What do the inguinal ligament do

Answer 13

Holds down the structures passing between the pelvis and thigh

Question 14

What does the inguinal ligament represent

Answer 14

A thickening of external oblique aponeurosis running from ASIS to the pubis tubercle

Question 15

What is the Rectus sheath

Answer 15

Strong incomplete fibrous compartment of the Rectus abdominus and pyramidalis muscles

Question 16

What arteries and veins are within Rectus sheath

Answer 16

Inferior and superior epigastric artery and vein

Question 17

What is the line of demarcation

Answer 17

The Arcuate line

Question 18

What are the components of the Rectus sheath

Answer 18

External abdominal oblique and aponeurosis
Internal abdominal oblique and aponeurosis
Transverse abdominal and aponeurosis

Question 19

What are the only things inferior to actuate line

Answer 19

Transversalis fascia
Parietal perineum

Question 20

Arterial supply ti the abdominal was starts as Internal thoracic and splits to what

Answer 20

Musculophrenic and superior epigastric a

Question 21

Anterolateral supply to the abdominal wall via abdominal aorta splits to

Answer 21

Posterior intercostal aa (these travel with anterior rami of lower thoracic spinal nerves along inferior edge of ribs

Question 22

Arterial supply to abdominal wall via external iliac / femoral is what

Answer 22

Superior epigastric a
Circumflex iliac a
Inferior epigastric a

Question 23

The anterior rami of spinal nerves T7-T12 travel within what

Answer 23

Posterior thoracic wall

Question 24

Lower intercostal nerves reach the costal margin and continue traveling anteromedially as what

Answer 24

Thoraciabdominal nerves

Question 25

Does the thoracoabdominal nerves participate in plexus formation

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

Where do the intercostal nerves enc

Answer 26

The innermost and impersonal intercostal muscles and continues between the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles

Question 27

Where does the lateral cutaneous branch emerge

Answer 27

In the anterior Axillary line and bifurcate to anterior and posterior divisions

Question 28

What does the anterior cutaneous branches pierce

Answer 28

The Rectus sheath close to midline

Question 29

What is the inguinal canal

Answer 29

An oblique 4cm long passageway to descent the testes during fetal life

Question 30

What is the lacunar ligament

Answer 30

Deep fibers of inguinal ligament attaching to superior pubic Remus to form the medial border of subinguinal space

Question 31

What are the lateral and medial crura

Answer 31

Parts of the external oblique aponeurosis which surrounds the superficial inguinal ring

Question 32

What is the inguinal flax aka conjoint tendon

Answer 32

Medial reinforcement of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal formed by the fused aponeurosis of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 33

Where does the indirect inguinal hernia enter

Answer 33

Deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vein

Question 34

What is the lateral umbilical fold =

Answer 34

Inferior epigastric a and vein which conducts blood

Question 35

What is the medial umbilical fold (paired)

Answer 35

Obliterated umbilical arteries (from fetal life )

Question 36

What is the medial umbilical fold Single

Answer 36

Obliterated urachus, a duct which connected the urinalysis bladder to the umbilcus

Question 37

What is supravesical fossa

Answer 37

Between median/medial folds

Question 38

What is medial inguinal fossae

Answer 38

Hasselbach triangle between medial/lateral folds

Question 39

What is lateral inguinal fossae

Answer 39

Lateral to lateral fold
Most common area for an inguinal hernia

Question 40

What are the inguinal triangle boundaries

Answer 40

The Rectus abdominis m Medially
The inguinal ligament inferiorly
The inferior epigastric artery and vein laterally

Question 41

What are the contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 41

Ductus deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform venous plexus
Autonomic nerves
Genitalia branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lymphatic vessels

Question 42

What supplies the cremaster muscle

Answer 42

Genitalia branch of genitalfemoral nerve