Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPRS > thorax > Flashcards

thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the transverse thoracic plane?

A

Imaginary horizontal plane at the level of sternal angle/rib 2 & T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens at the level of the transverse thoracic plane?

A

Sternal angle
Trachea bifurcates
Pulmonary trunk birfucates
Aortic arch concavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different components of the mediastinum?

A

Superior

Inferior - anterior, middle, posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the boundaries of the mediastinum?

A

Anterior: sternum and costal cartilages

Posterior: Tx vertebrae

Inferior: diaphragm

Superior: superior Tx aperture (manubrium, ribs 1, T1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the contents of the mediastinum?

A

All Tx viscera and structures except the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the features of the mediastinum?

A

Central compartment in thoracic cavity between the lungs and above the diaphragm

Covered by mediastinal pleura

Very mobile region to accomodate movement, pressure and volume changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the contents of each mediastinal compartment?

A

Superior:

  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • aortic arch & branches
  • phrenic & vagus n

Inferior (anterior):
- thymus

Inferior (middle):

  • heart
  • great vessels
  • phrenic n

Inferior (posterior):

  • oesophagus
  • Tx aorta
  • vagus n
  • Tx duct & lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 types of muscles in the thoracic cage?

A

Respiration (1)
Intercostal (3)
Internal Cage (2)
External Cage (3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the muscles of the thoracic cage?

A

There are 9 muscles in the thoracic cage:

Respiration:
- diaphragm

Intercostal:

  • external
  • internal
  • innermost

Internal Cage:

  • subcostal
  • transverse thoracis

External Cage:

  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • levator costorum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the diaphragm

A

PA:

  • xiphoid process
  • internal surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages 1-6
  • Lx vertebrae and IVDs

DA:
- central tendon

NS:

  • motor: phrenic (C3-5)
  • sensory (central): phrenic (C3-5)
  • sensory (peripheral): intercostal nerves 5-11, subcostal nerve

A:
- contraction pulls dome inferiorly and increases thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the anatomy of the intercostals:

A

3 layers:

  • external
  • internal
  • innermost

PA:
- inferior border of ribs

DA:
- superior border of inferior rib

NS:
- intercostal nerve of same level

Fibres:

  • external: anteriorly and inferiorly
  • internal and innermost: posteriorly and inferiorly

A:

  • external: elevates ribs during forced inspiration
  • internal: interossesous part depresses ribs and interchondral part elevates ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the crura of the diaphragm

A

There are two crura (right and left).

Musculotendinous bundles that connect the diaphragm to L1-4 vertebrae, the IVDs, and the ALL.

Right:
- longer, attaches to L1-4, contains oesophagal hiatus

Left:
- shorter, attaches to L1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 bony elements of the thoracic cage?

A

Ribs (12)
Costal cartilages (12)
Sternum
Thoracic vertebrae (12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs?

A

1-7: true ribs (attach directly to sternum)

8-10: false ribs (attach to sternum via costal connection to superior rib)

11-12: floating ribs (no anterior attachment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 components of the sternum?

A

Manubrium (superior)

Body (middle)

Xiphoid process (inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which are the typical and atypical thoracic vertebrae?

A

T2-9: typical

T1, T10-12: atypical

17
Q

What are the characteristics of a typical thoracic vertebrae?

A

Body - heart shaped

Foramen - circular

Spinous processes - long and sharp, project inferiorly and overlap inferior vertebrae

Transverse processes - project posteriorly as well as laterally to accomodate ribs; T1-10 have costal facets for articulation with ribs

Articular facets:
- superior facets face posteriorly, inferior facets face anteriorly

18
Q

Describe the costal facets on the typical thoracic vertebrae

A

On typical vertebrae (T2-9):

Superior demifacet: large semicircle, articulates with same rib (head)

Inferior demifacet: small semicircle, articulates with inferior rib (head)

Transverse costal facet: articulates with tubercle of same rib

19
Q

Which vertebrae have a single circular facet to articulate with ribs?

A

T1, T10-12

20
Q

Which vertebrae have costal facets on the transverse processes to articulate with tubercle of ribs?

A

T1-10

21
Q

Which are the typical and atypical ribs?

A

Typical: 3-9
Atypical: 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

22
Q

Describe a typical rib

A

Ribs 2-9:
- wedge shaped head posteriorly made up of superior and inferior demifacets (articulate with facets of vertebrae) and crest of head for attachment of intra-articular ligament

  • neck (lateral to head)
  • tubercle (articulates with costal facets on transverse processes)
  • angle (where rib slants inferiorly)
  • costal groove (internal surface, for passage of neurovascular vessels)
  • costal cartilage anteriorly
23
Q

What are the 3 components of the sternum and their features?

A

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process

Manubrium:

  • widest and thickest part
  • suprasternal notch
  • clavicular notoch
  • costal notch for rib 2 at sternal angle

Body:
- costal notches for ribs 3-7

Xiphoid process:

24
Q

At what levels of the Tx spine are the components of the sternum located?

A

Manubrium: T3-4 level

Body: T5-9 level

Xiphoid: T10 level

25
Q

Which nerves innervate the thoracic wall?

A

The intercostal and subcostal nerves:

Source: ventral rami of Tx spinal nerves T1-11 (intercostal) and T12 (subcostal)

Course:

  • arise from ventral rami of spinal nerves to run between pleura and internal intercostal membrane
  • at angle of ribs, enters costal groove between innermost and internal intercostals
  • runs length of intercostal space (with intercostal artery and vein) in costal groove
26
Q

Which two major arteries does the thoracic cage receive blood supply from?

A

Subclavian
(Anterior Intercostal 1-9)

Thoracic Aorta
(Posterior Intercostal & Subcostal)

27
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery in the thoracic cage?

A 
Subclavian 
-
Internal Thoracic
- 
Anterior Intercostal 1-6 (direct branches)

musculophrenic
- Anterior Intercostal 7-9

28
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thoracic cage?

A

Venous drainage via:
- posterior & anterior intercostal veins (anastamose and drain into azygos venous system & superior vena cava)

  • internal thoracic veins drain into braciocephalic veins, which unite to form superior vena cava)
29
Q

What is the transverse thoracic plane?

A

Imaginary horizontal line between:

T4/5 & IVD posteriorly

Rib 2 / sternal angle anteriorly

At this level:

  • divides superior and inferior mediastinum
  • trachea bifurcates
  • pulmonary trunk bifurcates
  • aortic arch
  • azygous vein drains into SVC
30
Q

Describe the mediastinum

A

Central compartment in the thoracic cavity

Divided into superior and inferior mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle / transverse thoracic plane

Inferior mediastinum further divided into anterior, middle and posterior sections

Mobile compartment to accommodate volume and pressure changes of contents (structures accomodate fluid and air)

31
Q

What are the contents of the mediastinum (overall)?

A

All thoracic viscera and structures except the lungs:

  • heart (middle)
  • trachea (superior)
  • oesophagus (superior and posterior)
  • arch or aorta and branches (superior)
  • superior vena cava (superior)
  • descending aorta (posterior)
  • vagus nerves (superior and posterior)
  • phrenic nerves (superior and anterior)
  • thymus (superior and anterior)

CPRS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions