Control of Breathing Flashcards
What is the main stimulus of breathing?
The increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
Where are the central chemoreceptors found?
In the Medulla
Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors found?
In the aorta and the carotid bodies
Where in the body does the central chemoreceptors detect and respond to the lowering of pH?
Central chemoreceptors respond to the lowering in the cerebral spinal fluid.
Because of the direct link between the concentration of CO2 level in the blood and the pH of the CSF; a rise in co2 does what to the pH?
It lowers the pH
What do the peripheral chemoreceptors detect?
It detects the rises is arterial C02, but also react to significant falls in the level of oxygen in the blood.
What is pulmonary ventilation?
This is the process by which gases are exchanged between lungs and atmosphere. This involves two key processes.
What two key process are involved in pulmonary ventiliation?
- External- Lungs
2. Internal - Capillaries
Describe Boyle’s Law.
This describes the relationship between pressure and volume. It states that as volume increases, pressure decreases.
Is Inspiration active or passive transport?
It is an active process during normal quiet breathing.
Is expiration active or passive transport?
It is a passive process during normal quiet breathing.
Describe the negative feedback mechanism involved in breathing.
Receptors-Controllers-Effectors
Co2 (too much)-Medulla/pons-Rate/depth
Name the areas of the medulla that are referred to as the medullary rhythmicity area? (4)
- Dorsal respiratory group
- Ventral respiratory group
- Apneustic centre
- Pneumotatic/ pontine respiratory group
Where are the Dorsal respiratory group located?
Medulla
Where is the Ventral respiratory group located?
Medulla
Where is the Apneustic centre located?
Pons
Where is the pneumatic located?
Pons
What is the function of the Dorsal respiratory group in medullary rhythmicity area?
It integrates chemoreceptors information and signals VRG
What is the function of Ventral respiratory group in medullary rhythmicity area?
It is the basic rhythm generator
What is the function of Apneustic centre in medullary rhythmicity area?
It helps regulate length/depth of inspiration
What is the function of Pneumotaxic in medullary rhythmicity area?
It is involved in regulation of apneustic centre and medullary rhymicity area.
What does the term compliance mean in breathing?
Stretchiness
What does the term lung compliance mean?
It is a measure of how easy the lungs inflate.
What would happen without surfactant?
The wet surfaces of the lungs would stick together and not be able to expand and take part in breathing.
What are the main muscles involved in normal quiet breathing in an adult?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm
