Thorax

Question 1

Name the labelled structures

Answer 1

Question 2

Name the labelled structures

Answer 2

Question 3

Name the labelled structures

Answer 3

Question 4

Name the labelled structures

Answer 4

N.B. Superior demi-facet and inferior demi-facet

Question 5

Name the labelled structures

Answer 5

Question 6

Name of the middle opening of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 6

Veterbal canal (aka vertebral foramen, aka neural canal).

Question 7

Name the labelled structures

Answer 7

Question 8

What structures pass through the intervertebral foramen? (4)

Answer 8

Spinal nerve root,

Dorsal root ganglion

Spinal artery of the segmental artery

Question 9

What type of joints exists between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae?

Answer 9

Intervertebral disc joint (Cartillagenous joints)

Intervertebral cartillagenous joints

Question 10

Describe the movements between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Answer 10

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion and axial rotation of the vertebral colu

Question 11

Name the type of joints between superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae

Answer 11

Zygaphophyseal (facet) joints [Synovial Joints]

Flexion

Extension

Translation, axial rotation, and lateral bending

Question 12

type of joints between the spines of adjacent vertebrae

Answer 12

Facet joints?

Question 13

How do you distinguish a typical thoracic vertebra from a typical cervical or lumbar vertebra?

Answer 13

1) Vertebral foramen:

Cervical: Large and triangular

Thoracic: Circular canal

Lumbar: Smaller triangular canal

2) Cervical vertebrae have two transverse foramina in the transverse processes whereas lumbar and thoracic lack a transverse foraemn in the transverse process
3) Lumbar vertenrae lack facets on the vertebral body, cervical have prominet facets whereas thoracic have small facets
4) Thoracic vertebrae have articular facets for rib which is absent in lumbar and cervical

Question 14

Name the labelled structures

Answer 14

Question 15

Name the labelled structures

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the atypical ribs? (3)

Explain why they are atypical

Answer 16

1st rib (head of the first rib articulates with only the first thoracic (T1). The costal cartilage forms a primary cartilaginous joint with the manubrium (no movement at this joint)

11th rib (No neck or tubercle and no direct or indirect attachment to the sternum)

12th rib (No neck or tubercle or indirect/direct attachment to the sternum)

Question 17

11th and 12th ribs are collectively known as?

Answer 17

Floating ribs

Question 18

The ribs that have no direct attachment to the sternum are known as?

Which ribs fall under this category?

Answer 18

False ribs (8-10)

Question 19

Ribs with dircet attachment to the sternum are known as?

Which ribs fall under this category?

Answer 19

True ribs (1-7)

Question 20

Name the labelled structures

Answer 20

Question 21

What type of movement in the upper ribs is responsible for increasing antero-posterior width of the rib cage?

Answer 21

Pump-handle movement

Question 22

What type of movement in the lower ribs is responsible for increase in the transverse diameter of thoracic cage?

Answer 22

Bucket-handle movement

Question 23

How does the costo-transverse joint differ between the upper and lower ribs?

Answer 23

Costo-transverse joints of upper rib are a ball and socket type joint, enablling a pump-handle movement

Costo-transverse joints of the lower ribs are a plain type joint which allows sliding movements and hence a bucket-handle type of movement of the ribcage

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26