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Clinical Skills Anatmoy > Abdomen 4: (Complete) WATCH BATES > Flashcards

Abdomen 4: (Complete) WATCH BATES Flashcards

1
Q

What 10 things should be considered on intiial apraisal of the patient before physical examination?

A

General appearance

Gait and posture

Facial appearance/expression and speech

Jaundice - sclera, skin

Cyanosis- skin, mucosa, tongue, lips

Pallor- in anaemia – mucosa of tongue, sclera

Hair – distribution

Body habitus

Hydration - sunken eyes, dry mucosa, skin turgidity

Hands – tremors, joint distortion, nails, clubbing

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2
Q

What are the standard principles of a physical examination of the abdomen?

A

Exposure (top off)

Position (Ideally supine)

Inspection

Auscultation (Bowel sounds)

Palpation

Percussion

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3
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A
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4
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5
Q

For each part of the male urethra, state its length

A

Pre-prostatic part of urethra: 1.5cm

Prostatic part of urethra: 2.5cm

Membranous part of urethra: 2cm

Spongy part urethra: 15cm

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6
Q

When placing a catheter through the male urethra, which areas of the urethra create narrowing obstruction difficulties when navigating the cadaver?

A

External urethral orifice

1st bend of the urethra (spongious to membranous)

Prostatic part if urethra

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7
Q

The perineum is a diamond shaped area located between which 4 anatomical regions?

A

Pubic symphysis

Coccyx

Left and right ischial tuberosities

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8
Q

What are the 2 main dividions of the perineal area?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

How can you differentiate between an inguinal and femoral hernia?

A

Femoral hernia will lie below and lateral to the pubic tubercle

inguinal will be above and medial to pubic tubercle

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11
Q

How can you differentiate between a direct and indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Direct inguinal hernia located close to external iguinal ring close to the pubic tubercle.

A indirect hernia lies above and close to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament (at the internal iguinal ring) (Can also enter the scrotum)

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12
Q

What condition of the prostate gland is a common cause of urethral obstructon?

A

Benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP)

AKA Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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13
Q

What clinical examination can be used to investigate whether a patient has bening porstatic hyperplasia?

A

Digital rectal examination

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14
Q

Which portions of the prostate can be palpated upon a digital rectal exmaination?

A

Lateral lobes of the prostate

(The anterior lobe cannot be palpated)

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15
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16
Q

What are the 4 main components of the uterus

A

Fundus

Body

Lower segment

Cervix

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17
Q

The cervical canal has a lining of which type of epithelial cells?

A

mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

18
Q

The vaginal surface (of cervix) has a lining of which type of epthelium?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

19
Q

Cell samples from what area is taken during a cerival smear test?

A

The vaginal surface (of cervix)

20
Q

List 5 structures that can be palpated through a digital examination of the vagina

A

Cervix

Ischial spine

Sacral promontory

Uterine artery pulse (lateral fornix)

Ovary

21
Q

The cervix and the vagina form an angle of around?

A

90 degrees

22
Q

Is the body of the uterus antiflexed or anteverted on the cervix?

A

Antiflexed

23
Q

Is the cervix antiflexed or anteverted on the vagina?

A

Antiverted

24
Q

The vagina is a fibromuscular canal of what length?

A

7-9cm

25
Q

Which fornix of the vagina is important clinically?

A

Posterior fornix of vagina

26
Q
A
27
Q
A
28
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Corupus spongiosum

29
Q

The greater and lesser vestibular glands open into?

A

The vaginal vestibule

30
Q

The paraurethral gland (aka skeene’s gland) opens into?

A

The urethral lumen

31
Q
A
32
Q

What is the avergae length of the female urethra?

A

4 cm

33
Q

The vaginal wall does not contain any mucous glands. The wall is therefore kept moist by?

A

Transudation

34
Q

A yellowish vaginal discharge suggests?

A

Mucopurulent cervitis

35
Q

List 3 common causes of micropurulent cervicitis

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Chalmydia trichomatis

Herpes simplex

36
Q

What are the 3 main causes of vaginal discharges?

A

Candida

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomonis vaginalis

37
Q

The opening of the cervix is known as?

A

The cervical os

38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

Memorise

A
41
Q
A

Clinical Skills Anatmoy (16 decks)

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