Lower Limb Questions Flashcards
Name at least 2 muscles responsible for hip flexion and state their innervation and blood supply.
Psoas major [Anterior rami of L1-L3]
Illacus [Femoral nerve, L3-4]
[Collectively known as the iliopsoas muscle]
Innervation: L2-4 nerve roots of lumbar plexus
Blood supply: medial femoral circumflex artery
Other: Tensor fascia lata (superior gluteal nerve and artery L4-S1)
Name a muscle responsible for hip extension and state its nerve innervation and blood supply
Gluteus maximus
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2
Blood supply: Inferior gluteal artery (primary) Superior gluteal artery
Name at least 2 muscles responsible for medial/internal rotation of the thigh and state their innervation and blood supply
Gluteus medius (anterior and lateral fibres)
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply: Superior gluteal artery
Name at least 2 muscles responsible for hip abduction and state their innervation and blood supply
Gluteus medius (anterior and lateral fibres)
Gluteus minimus
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply: Superior gluteal artery
Name at least 3 muscles responsible for hip adduction
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis (N.B. the muscle above longus in image)
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-4)
Blood supply: Femoral artery (longus and brevis) Muscular branches of profunda femoris (magnus)
Trendeleburg test is used to test function of which type of muscles and what does a positive finding indicate?
Tests hip abductors (e.g. gluteus medius)
Positive findings suggest weakness in hip abductors of the supported side (one the patient is standing on)
Name the 6 muscles responsible for lateral (external) rotation of the thigh at the hip jint
Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Piriformis
Qudratus femoris
What group of muscles are responsible for the extension of the knee joint? State their blood supply.
Quadriceps femoris:
1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus medialis
3) Vastus intermedialis (behind rectus femoris)
4) Vastus lateralis
Blood supply: Lateral femoral circumflex artery
When performing the quadraceps stretch reflex (knee reflex), what nerve roots are being assesed?
L2-4
Femoral nerve (cord segments L2-4)
What group of muscles are responsible for flexion of the knee?
Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Please state the points of attachment of the medial collateral ligament
Medial epicondly of the femur to the antero-medial aspect of the tibular condlye
Attached to the medial lemniscus
Please state the points of attachment of the medial collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle of the femur to fibular head
Which type of tear in the miniscules of the knee is more common than the other and explain why?
Medial meniscus tears are more common as unlike the lateral meniscus, the medial meniscus has attachment to the medial collateral ligament
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament and please state its point of attachment
Attachment: Anterior aspect of upper tibial surface to the inner aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia from the femur and posterior displacement of the femur to the tibia
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament and please state its point of attachment
From – Tibia, posterior aspect of upper tibial surface
To – Femur, inner aspect of medial condyle
Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia to the femur and prevents anterior displacement of the femur to the tibia
What is a positive finding when performing the posterior sag test or posterior drawer test?
The tibia can be easily pushed posteriorly in posterior drawer test
Posterior sag will see the sag of the tibia downards
Name the 3 muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and state their nerve supply.
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
