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anatomy > thorax > Flashcards

thorax Flashcards

1
Q

• Atypical feature:
 tuberosity for serratus anterior (rough) (found in lateral side)

1,2 10, 11, or 12 ?

A

2nd atypical rib

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2
Q

atypical rib with 2 transverse groove separated by scalene tubercle
- broadest, shortest, more curved

1, 2, 10 or 12 ?

A

1st rib

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3
Q

what are the typical ribs ?

A

3-9

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4
Q

what are the atypical ribs ?

A

1,2, 10-12

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5
Q

how many pairs of bone does ribs have ?

other name for rib

A

12 pairs

costae

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6
Q

3 classifications of rib

A

true (vertebrocostal) 1-7 - connected to sternum

false (vertebrochondral) 8-10 - connected to cartilage

free / floating (10-12) - connected to thoracic vertebrae

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7
Q

broadest and shortest atypical rib with 1 facet and 2 transverse groove (separated by scalene tubercle)

A

1st atypical rib

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8
Q
  • primary organs of the respiratory & cardiovascular system

thorax or lungs

A

thorax

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9
Q
  • broadest superiorly part of the trunk
  • with pectoral girdle

thorax or chest ?

A

chest

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10
Q

pectoral girdle is formed by?

A

clavicle (collar bone) and scapulae

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11
Q

 truncated cone shaped wall
 narrowest superiorly

Thoracic cavity or thoracic wall ?

A

Thoracic cavity

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12
Q

origin for the central and lateral compartment of thoracic cavity

LATERAL IS PULMONARY CAVITIES . CENTRAL IS ?

A

central: mediastinum (heart)
lateral: pulmonary cavities

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13
Q

 sternum and costal cartilage articulates 1st – 7th costal cartilages.
- 1ST Rib: fibrocartilaginous
• 2nd – 7th: synovial
- Sternoclavicular joint (SC) or - Sternocostal (sternochondral) joints ?

A
  • Sternocostal (sternochondral) joints
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14
Q

 Movement: ball-and-socket joint.
 Provides bony attachment between appendicular and axial skeletons

Sternoclavicular joint (SC) or - Sternocostal (sternochondral) joints ?

A

Sternoclavicular joint (SC)

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15
Q

o domed shape for rigidity

A
  • Osteocartilaginous thoracic / rib cage
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16
Q

1st -7th ribs
o Attached to STERNUM.
o Has own independent costal cartilage

 True (vertebrocostal)
 False (vertebrochondral)
 Floating (vertebral, free)

A

 True (vertebrocostal)

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17
Q

8th, 9th & usually 10th ribs)
o Connected to cartilage (as union of 3 ribs)
o Forms articulated, cartilaginous costal margin

True (vertebrocostal)
 False (vertebrochondral)
 Floating (vertebral, free)

A

 False (vertebrochondral)

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18
Q

11th-12th, 10th
 Connected ONLY to thoracic vertebra

True (vertebrocostal)
 False (vertebrochondral)
 Floating (vertebral, free)

A

 Floating (vertebral, free)

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19
Q

• Small articular junction

head, tubercle or shaft ?

A

tubercle

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20
Q

for attachment and support

typical or atypical ?

A

atypical

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21
Q

(1st – 7th ribs; anteriorly)

o Contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic wall

A

Costal cartilages

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22
Q

 concave internal surface
 Where intercostal nerve/vessel pass (VEIN, ARTERY, NERVE)
 made it ROUGH

• costal angle “posterior” or • costal groove (inferior)

A

• costal groove (inferior)

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23
Q

atypical rib with 1 facet
• Xiphoid process is located

1,2,10,11 or 12 ?

A

10th

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24
Q

11 Intercostal spaces with 2 sets of IC Blood vessel and nerves refers to the..

A

THORACIC CAGE ONLY

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25
Q

best way to palpitate intercostal spaces

A

start from anterior “clavicle” 3rd – 4th then to lateral

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26
Q

posterior, anterior and lateral of superior thoracic inlet of thoracic aperture

A

• Posterior – T1 vertebra
• Lateral - 1st pair of ribs
Anterior - superior border of manubrium

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27
Q

size of thoracic inlet

A

(6.5 cm A-P / 11 cm Transverse)

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28
Q
  • Posterior - T12 vertebra
  • Posterolateral - 11th & 12th pair of ribs
  • Anterolateral - 7-10 ribs & costal cartilages
  • Anterior - xiphisternal joint

inferior outlet or superior inlet

A

inferior outlet

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29
Q

sternocostal joint: what pair of cartilage

symphysis” manubrium & body of sternum (manubriosternal)

A

2nd pair of cartilage

30
Q

sternocostal joint: what pair of cartilage

manubrium only

A

1st pair of cartilage

31
Q

sternocostal joint: what pair of cartilage

“symphysis” body of sternum & xiphoid process (xiphisternal)

A

7th pair of cartilage

32
Q

o flat, elongated bone that forms the middle of the anterior part of the thoracic cage
o shorter and thinner in female

A

sternum / chest

33
Q

o common site for bone marrow biopsy

o protects mediastinal viscera and heart.

A

sternum / chest

34
Q

part of sternum

  • trapezoidal bone
  • widest and thickest
  • jugular notch
  • clavicular notch

manubrium, body or xiphoid process ?

A

manubrium

35
Q

part of sternum

 Articulates with 2nd – 7th costal cartilages and xiphoid process
 T5 -T9 vertebrae level
 transverse ridges (lines of fusion-synostosis)

A

body

36
Q

o junction between manubrium and sternum
o location:
 second ribs articulate with the sternum.

sternal angle or xiphoid process?

A

sternal angle

xiphoid process

  •  flat, cartilaginous process at birth
  •  Attached to linea alba.
    landmark:  xiphisternal joint (T9)
37
Q

 an interpleural space (area between the pleural cavities) in the thorax

manubrium or mediastinum

A

mediastinum

  • contents: Thymus, great vessels
38
Q

 With arch of the azygos vein
 Lies between the right and left pleural cavities

inferior or middle pericardium

A

middle pericardium

39
Q

flat, cartilaginous process at birth

  •  Attached to linea alba.
    landmark:  xiphisternal joint (T9)
A

xiphoid process

40
Q

o Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

o Primary muscle of inspiration: most important function

A

diaphragm

41
Q

 At cricoid cartilage (C6) as continuation of LARYNX
 has 16 to 20 incomplete hyaline cartilaginous rings
 Has CARINA

larynx or trachea ?

A

trachea

42
Q

o Forms keel-like ridge (separates bronchi openings)
o Examined with bronchoscope
o Immobile by bronchogenic carcinoma and is associated with cough reflex.

A

carina

43
Q

differentiate right and left bronchus

A

right:
 under the arch of the azygos vein
 3 lobar

left:
 Runs at the arch of the aorta
 divides into 2 lobar or secondary bronchi

44
Q

• Covering of thoracic wall

A

pleural cavity

45
Q

o Location:
• cage, muscles, skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia
o Main function:
• To help in our breathing (INSPIRATION OR RESPIRATION)

A

true thoracic wall

anterolateral aspect

46
Q
  • Connected wither to clavicle, sternum, scapula, superior part of the humerus)
  • Best seen in posterior view
A

THORACO-APPENDICULAR MUSCLE

47
Q

o transverse process of C7 & T1 vertebrae TO T12
 connected to ribs
 vertebral movement

serratus posterior, levatores costarum or intercostal muscle ?

A

levatores costarum muscle

48
Q

 Origin: Nuchal ligament to spinous process C6 or C7
 Passes T2 or T3 vertebrae – then elevates 2nd -5th ribs superior border during respiration (insertion)

SPP or SPI

A

SPP

• Serratus posterior superior

49
Q

 Spinous process last 2 thoracic, 11th – 12th lumbar spinous spine
 Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
o inferior 3 or 4 ribs inferior border (insertion)
 Pulls down the last 3-4 ribs

SPP or SPI

A

SPI (INFERIOR)

50
Q

separates  intercostal nerves & vessels

INTERNAL or INNERMOST ?

A

INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MSCLE

51
Q

 Below 12th rib in posterior aspect
 depress ribs
 origin: Internal

A

subcostal

52
Q

thoraco-appendicular

• Origin:
o 4th or 5th ribs attach posteriorly to the xiphoid process, inferior part body of the sternum & adjacent costal cartilages

• Insertion:
o 3rd -6th costal cartilages

TRANSVERSE OR POSTERIOR

A

transverse (anterior)

53
Q

o located in between the parietal and visceral

o where air goes in

A

pleural cavity

54
Q
  • origin of all nerves
A

Thoracic Spinal Nerves – 12 pairs (mixed)

55
Q
  • Supplies Myotome (group of muscles)
  • Innervates the joints, muscles and skin of the back

anterior or posterior

A

o Posterior ICS 3RD – 6TH nerves

56
Q

in ATYPICAL Intercostal nerve,

thoracoabdominal nerve (anterior abdominal wall)

A

o 7th-11th IC nerves

57
Q

What are the typical Intercostal nerve

A

3-6 nerve

58
Q

what are the Atypical Intercostal nerve?

A

1,2,7-11

59
Q

• Origin of all posterior intercostal & subcostal arteries

A

descending thoracic aorta

60
Q

• Origin of all anterior (1st branch) internal thoracic & supreme intercostal artery

A

o Subclavian artery / internal

61
Q

o Origin of artery: musculophenic artery (an extension of internal thoracic

A

10TH AND 11TH supplied by 2 arteries (2 posteriors intercostal)

62
Q

supplied by 3 arteries (2 posterior, 1 anterior)

A
  • 1st -9th, 12th
63
Q

ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES from internal thoracic artery.

3-6 OR 7-9 ICS?

A

3-6 ICS

64
Q

ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES from Musculo-phrenic nerve

3-6 OR 7-11 ICS?

A

7-11 ICS

65
Q

 Supplies rectus abdominis muscle and anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery

SUPERIOR OR POSTERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY

A

Superior epigastric artery

66
Q

o the dome of the pleura.
o Reinforced by SIBSON’S FASCIA (thickened portion of the endothoracic fascia)

parietal or visceral ?

A

cervical pleura (cupula) in parietal area

67
Q

 supplied by bronchial arteries, but its venous blood is drained by pulmonary veins.
 insensitive to pain but is sensitive to stretch

parietal or visceral

A

visceral (pulmonary)

68
Q

o nourished by the bronchial arteries and drained by the bronchial veins for the larger subdivisions and pulmonary veins for the smaller subdivisions

A

lungs

69
Q 
o	Lingula (tongue-shaped portion)
o	2 lobes & 8-10 segmental bronchi

right or left bronchus

A

left

right
 Has 3 lobar (secondary) bronchi and 10 segmental (tertiary) bronchi.

70
Q

o the anatomic, functional, and surgical unit (subdivision) of the lungs.

A

BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT

71
Q

o Elevated ribs and sternum following contraction of diaphragm
o Intercostal muscle contraction and elevation of the ribs (BUCKET HANDLE)
o PUMP HANDLE
 Elevation of the ribs in connection with the sternum

inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

72
Q

o Relaxed diaphragm and elastic recoil of the lungs. (QUIET BREATHING

inspiration or expiration

A

expiration

anatomy (3 decks)

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