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thorax Flashcards

1
Q

• Atypical feature:
 tuberosity for serratus anterior (rough) (found in lateral side)

1,2 10, 11, or 12 ?

A

2nd atypical rib

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2
Q

atypical rib with 2 transverse groove separated by scalene tubercle
- broadest, shortest, more curved

1, 2, 10 or 12 ?

A

1st rib

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3
Q

what are the typical ribs ?

A

3-9

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4
Q

what are the atypical ribs ?

A

1,2, 10-12

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5
Q

how many pairs of bone does ribs have ?

other name for rib

A

12 pairs

costae

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6
Q

3 classifications of rib

A

true (vertebrocostal) 1-7 - connected to sternum

false (vertebrochondral) 8-10 - connected to cartilage

free / floating (10-12) - connected to thoracic vertebrae

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7
Q

broadest and shortest atypical rib with 1 facet and 2 transverse groove (separated by scalene tubercle)

A

1st atypical rib

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8
Q
  • primary organs of the respiratory & cardiovascular system

thorax or lungs

A

thorax

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9
Q
  • broadest superiorly part of the trunk
  • with pectoral girdle

thorax or chest ?

A

chest

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10
Q

pectoral girdle is formed by?

A

clavicle (collar bone) and scapulae

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11
Q

 truncated cone shaped wall
 narrowest superiorly

Thoracic cavity or thoracic wall ?

A

Thoracic cavity

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12
Q

origin for the central and lateral compartment of thoracic cavity

LATERAL IS PULMONARY CAVITIES . CENTRAL IS ?

A

central: mediastinum (heart)
lateral: pulmonary cavities

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13
Q

 sternum and costal cartilage articulates 1st – 7th costal cartilages.
- 1ST Rib: fibrocartilaginous
• 2nd – 7th: synovial
- Sternoclavicular joint (SC) or - Sternocostal (sternochondral) joints ?

A
  • Sternocostal (sternochondral) joints
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14
Q

 Movement: ball-and-socket joint.
 Provides bony attachment between appendicular and axial skeletons

Sternoclavicular joint (SC) or - Sternocostal (sternochondral) joints ?

A

Sternoclavicular joint (SC)

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15
Q

o domed shape for rigidity

A
  • Osteocartilaginous thoracic / rib cage
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16
Q

1st -7th ribs
o Attached to STERNUM.
o Has own independent costal cartilage

 True (vertebrocostal)
 False (vertebrochondral)
 Floating (vertebral, free)

A

 True (vertebrocostal)

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17
Q

8th, 9th & usually 10th ribs)
o Connected to cartilage (as union of 3 ribs)
o Forms articulated, cartilaginous costal margin

True (vertebrocostal)
 False (vertebrochondral)
 Floating (vertebral, free)

A

 False (vertebrochondral)

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18
Q

11th-12th, 10th
 Connected ONLY to thoracic vertebra

True (vertebrocostal)
 False (vertebrochondral)
 Floating (vertebral, free)

A

 Floating (vertebral, free)

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19
Q

• Small articular junction

head, tubercle or shaft ?

A

tubercle

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20
Q

for attachment and support

typical or atypical ?

A

atypical

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21
Q

(1st – 7th ribs; anteriorly)

o Contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic wall

A

Costal cartilages

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22
Q

 concave internal surface
 Where intercostal nerve/vessel pass (VEIN, ARTERY, NERVE)
 made it ROUGH

• costal angle “posterior” or • costal groove (inferior)

A

• costal groove (inferior)

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23
Q

atypical rib with 1 facet
• Xiphoid process is located

1,2,10,11 or 12 ?

A

10th

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24
Q

11 Intercostal spaces with 2 sets of IC Blood vessel and nerves refers to the..

A

THORACIC CAGE ONLY

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25
best way to palpitate intercostal spaces
start from anterior “clavicle” 3rd – 4th then to lateral
26
posterior, anterior and lateral of superior thoracic inlet of thoracic aperture
• Posterior – T1 vertebra • Lateral - 1st pair of ribs Anterior - superior border of manubrium
27
size of thoracic inlet
(6.5 cm A-P / 11 cm Transverse)
28
* Posterior - T12 vertebra * Posterolateral - 11th & 12th pair of ribs * Anterolateral - 7-10 ribs & costal cartilages * Anterior - xiphisternal joint inferior outlet or superior inlet
inferior outlet
29
sternocostal joint: what pair of cartilage symphysis” manubrium & body of sternum (manubriosternal)
2nd pair of cartilage
30
sternocostal joint: what pair of cartilage manubrium only
1st pair of cartilage
31
sternocostal joint: what pair of cartilage “symphysis” body of sternum & xiphoid process (xiphisternal)
7th pair of cartilage
32
o flat, elongated bone that forms the middle of the anterior part of the thoracic cage o shorter and thinner in female
sternum / chest
33
o common site for bone marrow biopsy | o protects mediastinal viscera and heart.
sternum / chest
34
part of sternum * trapezoidal bone * widest and thickest * jugular notch * clavicular notch manubrium, body or xiphoid process ?
manubrium
35
part of sternum  Articulates with 2nd – 7th costal cartilages and xiphoid process  T5 -T9 vertebrae level  transverse ridges (lines of fusion-synostosis)
body
36
o junction between manubrium and sternum o location:  second ribs articulate with the sternum. sternal angle or xiphoid process?
sternal angle xiphoid process -  flat, cartilaginous process at birth -  Attached to linea alba. landmark:  xiphisternal joint (T9)
37
 an interpleural space (area between the pleural cavities) in the thorax manubrium or mediastinum
mediastinum - contents: Thymus, great vessels
38
 With arch of the azygos vein  Lies between the right and left pleural cavities inferior or middle pericardium
middle pericardium
39
flat, cartilaginous process at birth -  Attached to linea alba. landmark:  xiphisternal joint (T9)
xiphoid process
40
o Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities | o Primary muscle of inspiration: most important function
diaphragm
41
 At cricoid cartilage (C6) as continuation of LARYNX  has 16 to 20 incomplete hyaline cartilaginous rings  Has CARINA larynx or trachea ?
trachea
42
o Forms keel-like ridge (separates bronchi openings) o Examined with bronchoscope o Immobile by bronchogenic carcinoma and is associated with cough reflex.
carina
43
differentiate right and left bronchus
right:  under the arch of the azygos vein  3 lobar left:  Runs at the arch of the aorta  divides into 2 lobar or secondary bronchi
44
• Covering of thoracic wall
pleural cavity
45
o Location: • cage, muscles, skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia o Main function: • To help in our breathing (INSPIRATION OR RESPIRATION)
true thoracic wall | anterolateral aspect
46
* Connected wither to clavicle, sternum, scapula, superior part of the humerus) * Best seen in posterior view
THORACO-APPENDICULAR MUSCLE
47
o transverse process of C7 & T1 vertebrae TO T12  connected to ribs  vertebral movement serratus posterior, levatores costarum or intercostal muscle ?
levatores costarum muscle
48
 Origin: Nuchal ligament to spinous process C6 or C7  Passes T2 or T3 vertebrae – then elevates 2nd -5th ribs superior border during respiration (insertion) SPP or SPI
SPP • Serratus posterior superior
49
 Spinous process last 2 thoracic, 11th – 12th lumbar spinous spine  Origin: thoracolumbar fascia o inferior 3 or 4 ribs inferior border (insertion)  Pulls down the last 3-4 ribs SPP or SPI
SPI (INFERIOR)
50
separates  intercostal nerves & vessels INTERNAL or INNERMOST ?
INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MSCLE
51
 Below 12th rib in posterior aspect  depress ribs  origin: Internal
subcostal
52
thoraco-appendicular • Origin: o 4th or 5th ribs attach posteriorly to the xiphoid process, inferior part body of the sternum & adjacent costal cartilages • Insertion: o 3rd -6th costal cartilages TRANSVERSE OR POSTERIOR
transverse (anterior)
53
o located in between the parietal and visceral | o where air goes in
pleural cavity
54
- origin of all nerves
Thoracic Spinal Nerves – 12 pairs (mixed)
55
* Supplies Myotome (group of muscles) * Innervates the joints, muscles and skin of the back anterior or posterior
o Posterior ICS 3RD – 6TH nerves
56
in ATYPICAL Intercostal nerve, thoracoabdominal nerve (anterior abdominal wall)
o 7th-11th IC nerves
57
What are the typical Intercostal nerve
3-6 nerve
58
what are the Atypical Intercostal nerve?
1,2,7-11
59
• Origin of all posterior intercostal & subcostal arteries
descending thoracic aorta
60
• Origin of all anterior (1st branch) internal thoracic & supreme intercostal artery
o Subclavian artery / internal
61
o Origin of artery: musculophenic artery (an extension of internal thoracic
10TH AND 11TH supplied by 2 arteries (2 posteriors intercostal)
62
supplied by 3 arteries (2 posterior, 1 anterior)
- 1st -9th, 12th
63
ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES from internal thoracic artery. 3-6 OR 7-9 ICS?
3-6 ICS
64
ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES from Musculo-phrenic nerve 3-6 OR 7-11 ICS?
7-11 ICS
65
 Supplies rectus abdominis muscle and anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery SUPERIOR OR POSTERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY
Superior epigastric artery
66
o the dome of the pleura. o Reinforced by SIBSON’S FASCIA (thickened portion of the endothoracic fascia) parietal or visceral ?
cervical pleura (cupula) in parietal area
67
 supplied by bronchial arteries, but its venous blood is drained by pulmonary veins.  insensitive to pain but is sensitive to stretch parietal or visceral
visceral (pulmonary)
68
o nourished by the bronchial arteries and drained by the bronchial veins for the larger subdivisions and pulmonary veins for the smaller subdivisions
lungs
69
``` o Lingula (tongue-shaped portion) o 2 lobes & 8-10 segmental bronchi ``` right or left bronchus
left right  Has 3 lobar (secondary) bronchi and 10 segmental (tertiary) bronchi.
70
o the anatomic, functional, and surgical unit (subdivision) of the lungs.
BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT
71
o Elevated ribs and sternum following contraction of diaphragm o Intercostal muscle contraction and elevation of the ribs (BUCKET HANDLE) o PUMP HANDLE  Elevation of the ribs in connection with the sternum inspiration or expiration?
inspiration
72
o Relaxed diaphragm and elastic recoil of the lungs. (QUIET BREATHING inspiration or expiration
expiration

anatomy (3 decks)

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