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anatomy > larynx and trachea > Flashcards

larynx and trachea Flashcards

1
Q
  • develops from the 9 endoderm of laryngotracheal tube (in its cranial end)
    o located in the anterior neck (C3-C6 vertebrae)

larynx or trachea

A

larynx “voice box”

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2
Q

o connects pharynx (oropharynx) to trachea
o serves as the “sphincter” or “valve” during swallowing, guarding the air passage

larynx or trachea?

A

larynx

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3
Q

o from myoblast in 4th and 6th pairs of pharyngeal arches which is supplied by laryngeal branches of the vagus nerves (cranial nerve X)

A

larynx cartilage

laryngeal from mesenchyme (derived from neural crest)

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4
Q

o from proliferation of mesenchyme of laryngotracheal tube

o converts primordial glottis (slit-like aperture), into a T-shaped laryngeal inlet

A

paired arytenoid swellings

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5
Q

o from the caudal part of the hypopharyngeal eminence (from 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches)
o in contact with soft palate

epiglottis or larynx

A

epiglottis “guardian of the airways”

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6
Q

 Inferior surface till vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

supraglottis or glottis (middle)

A

supraglottis

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7
Q

unpaired laryngeal cartilages

A

thyroid, cricoids, epiglottis

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8
Q

paired laryngeal cartilage

A

arytenoids, cuneiform, corniculate

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9
Q

o Pearly white
o Origin:
• anterolateral edges of the rima glottidis

true or false vocal cord?

A

VOCAL FOLD (TRUE VOCAL CORDS) “paired”

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10
Q

3 layers of vocal fold

A

 Mucosa (5 layers)
 Lamina propia (3 layers)
 Vocalis muscle

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11
Q

 Source of sound producing audible vibrations
 Sphincter of larynx

mucosa or lamina propia

A

overlying mucosa

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12
Q

shaped of rima glottis during original breathing and forced respiration

A

o ordinary breathing: narrow and wedge shaped

o Forced respiration: wide and trapezoidal in shape

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13
Q

o Pink in color
o Extends between thyroid and arytenoid cartilage
o protective in function

true or false vocal cords

A

VESTIBULAR FOLDS (FALSE VOCAL CORDS)

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14
Q

o 16-20C shaped cartilages (hyaline cartilage) supported by the trachealis muscle
o extending from the larynx (at C6 vertebra) into the thorax

A

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

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15
Q

o Formed by laryngotracheal diverticulum during its separation from the foregut.

TRACHEA OR LARYNX

A

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

• sternal angle or the T4–T5 IV disc

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16
Q

SIZE OF TRACHEA IN ADULT AND INFANT

A

 adult: 2.5 cm in diameter

 infant: diameter of a pencil

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17
Q

Terminal Bronchioles

  • smallest conducting bronchioles
  • 0.5mm diameter
  • Last segment of conduction portion of respiratory tract

terminal or repiratory

A

terminal bronchioles

18
Q
  • characterized by scattered, thin-walled outpocketings (alveoli)

terminal or respiratory bronchus

A

respiratory

19
Q

notes to remember

A

Respiratory bronchiole (gas exchange) -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs (main chamber for gas exchange)

20
Q
  • the largest of the cartilages; its superior border lies opposite the C4 vertebra.

thyroid or epiglottic cartilage

A

Thyroid cartilage

“adam’s apple”

21
Q

a heart-shaped cartilage covered with mucous membrane

A

epiglottic cartilage

22
Q
  • closes the laryngeal inlet as a protective mechanism during swallowing
A

sphincters

23
Q

o flat gland with flask-shaped lobes
o primary lymphoid organ
o After puberty, is replaced by fat

A

thymus gland

24
Q
  • depressors of the hyoid and larynx

infrahyoid or suprahyoid muscles

A

infrahyoid muscles

25
Q
  • elevators of the hyoid and larynx

infrahyoid or suprahyoid muscles

A

suprahyoid muscles

26
Q
  • the first and largest branch of the arch of the aorta
A

BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK

27
Q

what nerve of thorax

o 8-10 rootlets from medulla of brainstem

A

vague (CN XI)

28
Q

o Anterior rami of C3-C5 nerves

vague (CN XI) OR PHRENIC

A

PHRENIC

29
Q

o Anterior rami of T1-T11 nerves

Phrenic or intercostal

A

intercostal

30
Q

o VOICE HOARSENESS may result because one vocal fold cannot approximate the other

Unilateral or Bilateral

A

Unilateral

31
Q

o LOSS OF VOICE

Unilateral or Bilateral

A

bilateral

32
Q

add ons: palate

A

supported by bone, is the hard palate (anterior); the unsupported posterior part is the soft palate.

33
Q

common passageway for food and air

pharynx or nose ?

A

pharynx (throat)

air ->nasopharynx-> oropharynx->laryngopharynx->larynx

34
Q

lie at the base of the tongue.

A

lingual tonsil

35
Q

smallest of the conducting passageways

A

bronchioles

36
Q

the balance of the lung tissue that is mainly elastic connective tissue that allows the lungs to recoil passively as we exhale.

A

stroma

37
Q

Alveolar macrophages “dust cells”

A

wander in and out of the alveoli picking up bacteria,

38
Q

lipid (fat) molecule which coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces and is very important in lung function.

A

surfactant by cuboidal cells

39
Q

Respiratory capacities are measured with– in which the volumes of air exhaled can be read on an indicator, which shows the changes in air volume inside the apparatus.

A

spirometer

40
Q

respiratory sounds

A

Vesicular breathing sounds occur as air fills the alveoli, and they are soft and resemble a muffled breeze.

41
Q

Neural centers that control respiratory rhythm and depth

A

medulla: ets the basic rhythm of breathing, contains a pacemaker. EXPIRATION

PONS:smooth out the basic rhythm of inspiration and expiration by medulla

42
Q

normal respiratory rate

A

eupnea (12 to 15 respirations/minute.)

anatomy (3 decks)

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