Thorax

Question 1

How many pairs of floating ribs are there?

Answer 1

2 pairs of floating ribs - 11th & 12th

Question 2

How many branches come off the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 2

Zero branches

Question 3

Which nerve runs anterior to the left hilum of vessels in the thorax?

Answer 3

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

Question 4

Which artery supplies the medial aspect of the breast?

Answer 4

Perforating mammary branches of the internal mammary artery

Question 5

Which structures are found at the Angle of Louis?

Answer 5

1) Origin of arch of aorta
2) Underside of arch of aorta
3) Origin of descending aorta
4) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (from CN X) passing inferior to the arch of aorta
5) Azygous vein entering into SVC
6) Bifurcation of trachea
7) Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
8) Remnants of / thymus gland

Question 6

Under which structure does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X) pass under?

Answer 6

Right subclavian artery (medial to the right vertebral artery)

Question 7

Which muscle does the subclavian artery travel posterior to?

Answer 7

Anterior scalene muscle

Question 8

Which is the first branch of the subclavian artery to descend into the thorax?

Answer 8

Internal thoracic/mammary artery

Question 9

Which structure is the first branch of the subclavian artery?

Answer 9

Vertebral artery

Question 10

From which aspect (the first branch of the first part) of the subclavian artery does the vertebral artery arise from?

Answer 10

Posterolateral aspect

Question 11

How many parts of the vertebral artery are there?

Answer 11

4 parts

Question 12

What landmark demarcates the distal end of the subclavian artery?

Answer 12

Lateral border of 3rd part of subclavian artery

Question 13

What is the arterial supply of the breast?

Answer 13

1) Internal thoracic
2) Lateral thoracic
3) Thoraco-acromial
4) intercostal (internal thoracic)

Question 14

What are the attachments for the suspensory ligaments of Cooper?

Answer 14

Deep fascia to dermis

Question 15

How many lobes are there in a normal breast?

Answer 15

15-20

Question 16

Upon which muscles does the breast lie on?

Answer 16

1) Pectoralis Major
2) Serratus Anterior
3) External Oblique
4) Tail of Spence may also lie on Pectoralis Minor

Question 17

On which ribs does the breast lie on?

Answer 17

Ribs 2-6 in mid-clavicular line

Question 18

Which fascial layer does the capsule of the breast relate to?

Answer 18

Thickened Scarpa’s fascia

Question 19

What structures are in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 19

1) Thymic remnants
2) Lymph nodes
3) Fat

Question 20

What structures are in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 20

1) Pericardium
2) Heart
3) Aortic root
4) Arch of azygos vein
5) Main bronchi

Question 21

What structures are in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 21

1) Oesophagus
2) Thoracic aorta
3) Azygos vein
4) Thoracic duct
5) Vagus nerve
6) Sympathetic nerve trunks
7) Splanchnic nerves

Question 22

What structures are in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 22

1) Superior vena cava
2) Brachiocephalic veins
3) Arch of aorta
4) Thoracic duct
5) Trachea
6) Oesophagus
7) Thymus
8) Vagus nerve
9) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
10) Phrenic nerve

Question 23

What are the structures found in the right atrium?

Answer 23

1) Musculi pectinati
2) Crista terminalis
3) Opening of the coronary sinus
4) Fossa ovalis
5) Tricuspid valve

Question 24

How many cusps do the following valves have?

1) Mitral
2) Aortic
3) Pulmonary
4) Tricuspid

Answer 24

1) 2

2-4) 3

Question 25

Which of the following valves contribute to the first/second heart sound?

1) Mitral
2) Aortic
3) Pulmonary
4) Tricuspid

Answer 25

1) 1st HS
2) 2nd HS
3) 2nd HS
4) 1st HS

Question 26

How many anterior cusps do the following valves have?

1) Mitral
2) Aortic
3) Pulmonary
4) Tricuspid

Answer 26

1) 1

2-4) 2

Question 27

Which valves are attached to chordae tendinae?

Answer 27

1) Mitral valve

2) Tricuspid valve