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MRCS Anatomy by Sanjid > Lower limb > Flashcards

Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

1) Pectineus (medial)
2) Iliopsoas (lateral)
3) Adductor longus

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2
Q

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia Lata

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3
Q

What other fascial layers are continuous with the fascia lata layer?

A

1) Scarpa’s fascia
2) Colle’s Fascia of the perineum
3) Dartos of penis & scrotum

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4
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of sartorius

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5
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of adductor longus

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6
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

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7
Q

What forms the contents of femoral sheath?

A

Lateral compartment

1) Femoral artery
2) Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

Middle compartment
1) Femoral vein

Medial compartment

1) Femoral canal - Deep inguinal node of Cloquet, loose connective tissue & lymphatics
2) Lymphatics - draining deep inguinal nodes

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8
Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

A

Anteromedial - Sartorius
Lateral - Vastus medialis
Posterior - Adductor Longus & Magnus

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9
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

1) Femoral artery
2) Femoral vein
3) Femoral nerve - nerve to vastus medius & saphenous nerve

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10
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superomedial border - semimembranosus
Superolateral border - biceps femoris
Inferomedial border - medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolateral border - lat head of gastrocnemius & plantaris

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11
Q

What forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

1) Popliteal fascia - continuous with fascia lata

2) Skin

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12
Q

What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

1) Posterior surface of the knee joint capsule
2) Popliteus muscle
3) Posterior femur

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13
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa (med to lat)?

A 
MEDIAL
1) Popliteal artery
2) Popliteal vein
3) Tibial nerve
4) Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
LATERAL
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14
Q

Within the popliteal fossa, what is the order in which the structures go from superficial to deep?

A 
MOST SUPERFICIAL
1) Tibial & common peroneal nerves
2) Popliteal vein
3) Popliteal artery
MOST DEEP
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15
Q

A baker’s cyst is the swelling & inflammation of which bursa?

A

Semimembranosus bursa

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16
Q

What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

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17
Q

What are the attachments of the psoas muscle?

A

Attaches on anterolateral surfaces of vertebral bodies T12-L5
Joins with Iliacus
Inserts onto lesser trochanter

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18
Q

In which muscle is the obturator nerve formed within?

A

Psoas muscle

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19
Q

From which side of the psoas muscle does the obturator nerve emerge from?

A

Medial side of the muscle and on the ala of the sacrum to pass posterior to the common iliac vessels

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20
Q

Which muscle does the obturator nerve pass over after it passes over the pelvic brim at the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Upper fibres of the obturator internus

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21
Q

Through which foramen does the obturator nerve pass through?

A

Obturator foramen

22
Q

Over which muscle does the obturator nerve split into its anterior and posterior divisions?

A

Adductor brevis

23
Q

Which muscle is responsible for “unlocking” the knee?

A

Popliteus

24
Q

Which nerve innervates the popliteus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

25
Q

Where does the femoral artery start?

A

Posterior to the mid-inguinal point and is a continuation of the external iliac artery

26
Q

What are the origins of the quadriceps muscle?

A

Rectus femoris:

1) Anterior inferior iliac spin
2) Supraacetabular groove

Vastus medialis:

1) Intertrochanteric line
2) Pectineal line of femur
3) Linea aspera
4) Medial supracondylar line of femur

Vastus lateralis:

1) Intertrochanteric line
2) Greater trochanter
3) Gluteal tuberosity
4) Linea aspera of femur

Vastus intermedius:
1) Anterior surface of femoral shaft

27
Q

What are the insertions of the quadriceps muscle?

A

Tibial tuberosity & patella as well as …
Vastus lateralis: Lateral condyle of tibia
Vastus medialis: Medial condyle of tibia

28
Q

Which zone of the meniscus has vascular supply?

A

Only peripheral zone!

If there is damage to the white zone - there will be no healing: indication for meniscectomy

29
Q

In open chained movements of the leg (when the foot is not on the ground), what does the action of the popliteus muscle?

A

medially rotates the tibia on femur

30
Q

In which compartment does the peroneal artery travel? Which compartment does the peroneal artery supply?

A

Runs in the deep posterior compartment of the leg and provides aterial supply via perforating branches to the lateral compartment

31
Q

Which muscles are located in the lateral compartment?

A

1) Peroneus longus

2) Peroneus brevis

32
Q

What is the arterial supply to the gastrocnemius & soleus muscles?

A

Posterior tibial artery

33
Q

Which muscles aid in eversion of foot?

A

Peroneus longus, brevis, tertius

34
Q

Which muscles aid in dorsiflexion / extension of foot?

A

All extensors

35
Q

Which muscles aid in inversion of foot?

A

Tibialis anterior (supplied by common peroneal nerve) & Tibialis posterior (supplied by tibial nerve)

36
Q

At which joint does eversion/inversion occur in the foot?

A

Subtalar joint

37
Q

In sciatic nerve damage, which is the only nerve not affected in the leg?

A

Saphenous nerve - cutaneous of medial leg from femoral nerve

38
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

1) Medial longitudinal arch
2) Lateral longitudinal arch
3) Transverse arch

39
Q

Which ligament provides the main support fo the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Spring ligament

40
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Tibialis anterior
2) Extensor digitorum longus
3) Peroneus tertius
4) Extensor hallucis longus

41
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

1) Peroneus longus

2) Peroneus brevis

42
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Gastrocnemius

2) Soleus

43
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Flexor digitorum longus
2) Flexor hallucis longus
3) Tibialis posterior

44
Q

What nerve roots are being tested in ankle tendon reflex?

A

S1 & S2

45
Q

What nerve roots are being tested in knee tendon reflex?

A

L3 & L4

46
Q

Extension/Dorsiflexion of big toe is testing which nerve root?

A

L5

47
Q

Which nerve is closely associated with the short saphenous vein?

A

Sural nerve

48
Q

Which nerve is closely associated with the long saphenous vein?

A

Saphenous nerve

49
Q

What are the external/lateral rotators of the hip?

A 
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris
50
Q

What are the attachments of the biceps femoris?

A

Origin - Ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Fibular head

51
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

Short head - common peroneal part of sciatic

Long head - tibial part of sciatic

MRCS Anatomy by Sanjid (11 decks)

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