Head

Question 1

What are the structures that pass through the foramen ovale?

Answer 1

1) Otic ganglion (inferior branch) - lies under foramen ovale
2) V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
3) Accessory meningeal artery
4) Lesser petrosal nerve
5) Emissary veins

Question 2

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 2

1) Inferior ophthalmic vein
2) Superior ophthalmic vein
3) Superior & inferior divisions of occulomotor(III) nerve
4) Trochlear (IV) nerve

5) Trigeminal V1 nerve
- Nasociliary
- Frontal
- Lacrimal

6) Abducens (VI) nerve

Question 3

What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 3

1) Inferior ophthalmic vein

2) Infra-orbital artery

Question 4

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 4

V2

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 5

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 5

1) Middle meningeal artery
2) Meningeal branch of mandibular (V) nerve
3) Middle meningeal vein

Question 6

What are the branches of V1? (purely sensory)

Answer 6

`1) Lacrimal

2) Frontal
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear

3) Nasociliary
- Infratrochlear
- Ant ethmoidal
- Post ethmoidal
- Long ciliary

Question 7

What are the branches of V2? (purely sensory)

Answer 7

1) Infraorbital
2) Zygomaticotemporal & zygomaticofacial

3) Superior alveolar
- Anterior
- Middle
- Posterior

4) Palatine
- greater
- lesser

5) Superior labial
6) Pharyngeal

Question 8

What are emissary veins?

Answer 8

Valveless communications between soft tissue of face to cavernous sinus

Question 9

What are the branches of V3? (mixed)

Answer 9

IMMEDIATE BRANCHES

1) Tensor Tympani
2) Tensor veli palatini
3) Nerve to medial pterygoid

ANTERIOR DIVISION (mainly motor)

POSTERIOR DIVISION (mainly sensory)

Question 10

What are the sensory branches of V3?

Answer 10

• *BAIL**
  1) Buccal
  2) Auriculotemporal
  3) Inferior alveolar
  4) Lingual

Question 11

What constitutes the sella turcica?

Answer 11

1) Tuberculum sellae
2) Dorsal sellae
3) Clinoid processes
4) Hypophyseal fossa

Question 12

What are the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 12

1) FSH
2) LH
3) TSH
4) ACTH
5) GH
6) Prolactin

Question 13

What are the hormones produced by the intermediate pituitary gland?

Answer 13

MSH

Question 14

What are the hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 14

1) Oxytocin

2) ADH/Vasopressin

Question 15

Which visual feild does the Baum’s loop carry fibres from?

Answer 15

Inferior visual feild (superior retinal fibres)

Question 16

Which visual feild does the Mayer’s loop carry fibres from?

Answer 16

Superior visual feild (inferior retinal fibres)

Question 17

What visual feild defect would a craniopharyngeoma cause?

Answer 17

Bitemporal inferior quadrantopia

Question 18

What visual feild defect would a pituitary adenoma cause?

Answer 18

Bitemporal superior quadrantopia

Question 19

What are the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

Answer 19

1) Tympanic
2) Carotid
3) Pharyngeal
4) Muscular
5) Tonsillar
6) Lingual

Question 20

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a lesion of the temporal lobe?

Answer 20

Contralateral SUPERIOR homonymous hemianopia

Question 21

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a lesion of the parietal lobe?

Answer 21

Contralateral INFERIOR homonymous hemianopia

Question 22

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a inferior optic chaismal lesion?

Answer 22

Bitemporal SUPERIOR homonymous hemianopia

Question 23

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a superior optic chaismal lesion?

Answer 23

Bitemporal INFERIOR homonymous hemianopia

Question 24

Which cranial nerve is most at risk with raised intracranial pressure?

Answer 24

Abducens (VI) nerve

Question 25

Which artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from?

Answer 25

Maxillary artery (ECA)

Question 26

Within which dural layer does the middle meningeal artery travel through?

Answer 26

Dura mater

Question 27

Which nerve is closely associated with the middle meningeal artery?

Answer 27

Auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular nerve V3)

Question 28

Which arteries form the circle of Willis?

Answer 28

1) Anterior communicating artery 2) Anterior cerebral artery 3) Internal carotid artery 4) Posterior communicating artery 5) Posterior cerebral arteries and the termination of the basilar artery

Question 29

Through which foramen do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium?

Answer 29

Foramen Magnum

Question 30

In which space in the head do the vertebral arteries lie?

Answer 30

Arachnoid space

Question 31

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 31

1) ICA 2) CN V1 3) CN III 4) CN IV 5) CN V2 6) CN VI

Question 32

What structure does the cavenrous sinus drain into?

Answer 32

Internal jugular vein (via sup & inf petrosal sinuses)

Question 33

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres?

Answer 33

``` CN X CN IX CN VII CN III (1973) ```

Question 34

What are the parasympathetic functions of the following cranial nerves? 1) CN X 2) CN IX 3) CN VII 4) CN III

Answer 34

1) Heart & abdominal viscera 2) Parotid 3) Lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual glands 4) Pupillary constriction and accommodation

Question 35

What is the aterial supply of the scalp?

Answer 35

EXTERNAL CAROTID 1) Posterior auricular 2) Occipital 3) Superficial temporal INTERNAL CAROTID (OPHTH ART) 1) Supratrochlear 2) Supraorbital 3) Zygomaticotemporal (lacrimal)

Question 36

What is the sensory innervation of the scalp?

Answer 36

``` **Trigeminal Nerve** Supratrochlear nerve Supraorbital nerve Zygomaticotemporal nerve Auriculotemporal nerve ``` ``` **Cervical Nerves** Lesser occipital nerve Greater occipital nerve Great auricular nerve Third occipital nerve ```

Question 37

What nuclei is in midbrain?

Answer 37

1) Edinger-Westfal 2) Oculomotor 3) Trochlear

Question 38

What nuclei is in the pons?

Answer 38

1) V motor & sensory 2) VI 3) VII & sup salivary gland nuc

Question 39

What nuclei is in the cerebellopontine angle?

Answer 39

VIII (cochlear & vestibular nuclei)

Question 40

What nuclei is in the medulla?

Answer 40

1) IX & inf salivary gland nuc 2) X 3) XI 4) XII 5) Nucleus ambiguus

Question 41

Which part of the middle cerebral artery is the Broca's area supplied by?

Answer 41

Superior division / anterior branch

Question 42

Which part of the middle cerebral artery is the Wernicke's area supplied by?

Answer 42

Inferior division / posterior branch

Question 43

Which part of the middle cerebral artery are the internal capsule & basal ganglia supplied by?

Answer 43

Deep branches of MCA

Question 44

Why is there macular sparing in PCA stroke?

Answer 44

Macular is supplied by MCA as well

Question 45

Which of the cranial nerves has parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 45

1) Oculomotor 2) Facial 3) Glossopharyngeal 4) Vagus

Question 46

What are the parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

Answer 46

1) Ciliary 2) Sphenopalatine 3) Submandibular 4) Otic

Question 47

What structures are found within/pass through the temporal bone?

Answer 47

1) Part of carotid artery 2) Jugular venous drainage system 3) Middle ear 4) Vestibulocochlear end organs 5) Facial Nerve

Question 48

Which 3 bones meet at the Pterion?

Answer 48

1) Greater wing of Sphenoid 2) Squamous Temporal Bone 3) Parietal Bone

Question 49

Name the paranasal sinuses in the head and their drainage

Answer 49

Frontal - via Frontonasal duct opens at hiatus semilunaris Sphenoid sinuses - drain into sphenoethmoidal sinus (supero-posterior to superior concha) Ethmoidal sinuses ANTERIOR - onto hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus) MIDDLE - onto lateral wall of middle meatus POSTERIOR - onto lateral wall of superior meatus & sphenoethmoidal recess Maxillary sinus - at hiatus semilunaris