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MRCS Anatomy by Sanjid > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures that pass through the foramen ovale?

A

1) Otic ganglion (inferior branch) - lies under foramen ovale
2) V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
3) Accessory meningeal artery
4) Lesser petrosal nerve
5) Emissary veins

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2
Q

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

1) Inferior ophthalmic vein
2) Superior ophthalmic vein
3) Superior & inferior divisions of occulomotor(III) nerve
4) Trochlear (IV) nerve

5) Trigeminal V1 nerve
- Nasociliary
- Frontal
- Lacrimal

6) Abducens (VI) nerve

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3
Q

What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

1) Inferior ophthalmic vein

2) Infra-orbital artery

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4
Q

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum?

A

V2

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

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5
Q

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

A

1) Middle meningeal artery
2) Meningeal branch of mandibular (V) nerve
3) Middle meningeal vein

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6
Q

What are the branches of V1? (purely sensory)

A

`1) Lacrimal

2) Frontal
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear

3) Nasociliary
- Infratrochlear
- Ant ethmoidal
- Post ethmoidal
- Long ciliary

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7
Q

What are the branches of V2? (purely sensory)

A

1) Infraorbital
2) Zygomaticotemporal & zygomaticofacial

3) Superior alveolar
- Anterior
- Middle
- Posterior

4) Palatine
- greater
- lesser

5) Superior labial
6) Pharyngeal

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8
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

Valveless communications between soft tissue of face to cavernous sinus

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9
Q

What are the branches of V3? (mixed)

A

IMMEDIATE BRANCHES

1) Tensor Tympani
2) Tensor veli palatini
3) Nerve to medial pterygoid

ANTERIOR DIVISION (mainly motor)

POSTERIOR DIVISION (mainly sensory)

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10
Q

What are the sensory branches of V3?

A
  • *BAIL**
    1) Buccal
    2) Auriculotemporal
    3) Inferior alveolar
    4) Lingual
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11
Q

What constitutes the sella turcica?

A

1) Tuberculum sellae
2) Dorsal sellae
3) Clinoid processes
4) Hypophyseal fossa

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12
Q

What are the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

1) FSH
2) LH
3) TSH
4) ACTH
5) GH
6) Prolactin

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13
Q

What are the hormones produced by the intermediate pituitary gland?

A

MSH

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14
Q

What are the hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

1) Oxytocin

2) ADH/Vasopressin

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15
Q

Which visual feild does the Baum’s loop carry fibres from?

A

Inferior visual feild (superior retinal fibres)

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16
Q

Which visual feild does the Mayer’s loop carry fibres from?

A

Superior visual feild (inferior retinal fibres)

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17
Q

What visual feild defect would a craniopharyngeoma cause?

A

Bitemporal inferior quadrantopia

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18
Q

What visual feild defect would a pituitary adenoma cause?

A

Bitemporal superior quadrantopia

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19
Q

What are the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

A

1) Tympanic
2) Carotid
3) Pharyngeal
4) Muscular
5) Tonsillar
6) Lingual

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20
Q

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a lesion of the temporal lobe?

A

Contralateral SUPERIOR homonymous hemianopia

21
Q

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a lesion of the parietal lobe?

A

Contralateral INFERIOR homonymous hemianopia

22
Q

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a inferior optic chaismal lesion?

A

Bitemporal SUPERIOR homonymous hemianopia

23
Q

What visual loss will be presented in somone with a superior optic chaismal lesion?

A

Bitemporal INFERIOR homonymous hemianopia

24
Q

Which cranial nerve is most at risk with raised intracranial pressure?

A

Abducens (VI) nerve

25
Q

Which artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from?

A

Maxillary artery (ECA)

26
Q

Within which dural layer does the middle meningeal artery travel through?

A

Dura mater

27
Q

Which nerve is closely associated with the middle meningeal artery?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular nerve V3)

28
Q

Which arteries form the circle of Willis?

A

1) Anterior communicating artery
2) Anterior cerebral artery
3) Internal carotid artery
4) Posterior communicating artery
5) Posterior cerebral arteries and the termination of the basilar artery

29
Q

Through which foramen do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium?

A

Foramen Magnum

30
Q

In which space in the head do the vertebral arteries lie?

A

Arachnoid space

31
Q

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

1) ICA
2) CN V1
3) CN III
4) CN IV
5) CN V2
6) CN VI

32
Q

What structure does the cavenrous sinus drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein (via sup & inf petrosal sinuses)

33
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres?

A 
CN X
CN IX
CN VII
CN III
(1973)
34
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the following cranial nerves?

1) CN X
2) CN IX
3) CN VII
4) CN III

A

1) Heart & abdominal viscera
2) Parotid
3) Lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual glands
4) Pupillary constriction and accommodation

35
Q

What is the aterial supply of the scalp?

A

EXTERNAL CAROTID

1) Posterior auricular
2) Occipital
3) Superficial temporal

INTERNAL CAROTID (OPHTH ART)

1) Supratrochlear
2) Supraorbital
3) Zygomaticotemporal (lacrimal)

36
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the scalp?

A 
**Trigeminal Nerve**
Supratrochlear nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
**Cervical Nerves**
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve 
Great auricular nerve
Third occipital nerve
37
Q

What nuclei is in midbrain?

A

1) Edinger-Westfal
2) Oculomotor
3) Trochlear

38
Q

What nuclei is in the pons?

A

1) V motor & sensory
2) VI
3) VII & sup salivary gland nuc

39
Q

What nuclei is in the cerebellopontine angle?

A

VIII (cochlear & vestibular nuclei)

40
Q

What nuclei is in the medulla?

A

1) IX & inf salivary gland nuc
2) X
3) XI
4) XII
5) Nucleus ambiguus

41
Q

Which part of the middle cerebral artery is the Broca’s area supplied by?

A

Superior division / anterior branch

42
Q

Which part of the middle cerebral artery is the Wernicke’s area supplied by?

A

Inferior division / posterior branch

43
Q

Which part of the middle cerebral artery are the internal capsule & basal ganglia supplied by?

A

Deep branches of MCA

44
Q

Why is there macular sparing in PCA stroke?

A

Macular is supplied by MCA as well

45
Q

Which of the cranial nerves has parasympathetic nervous system?

A

1) Oculomotor
2) Facial
3) Glossopharyngeal
4) Vagus

46
Q

What are the parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

A

1) Ciliary
2) Sphenopalatine
3) Submandibular
4) Otic

47
Q

What structures are found within/pass through the temporal bone?

A

1) Part of carotid artery
2) Jugular venous drainage system
3) Middle ear
4) Vestibulocochlear end organs
5) Facial Nerve

48
Q

Which 3 bones meet at the Pterion?

A

1) Greater wing of Sphenoid
2) Squamous Temporal Bone
3) Parietal Bone

49
Q

Name the paranasal sinuses in the head and their drainage

A

Frontal - via Frontonasal duct opens at hiatus semilunaris

Sphenoid sinuses - drain into sphenoethmoidal sinus (supero-posterior to superior concha)

Ethmoidal sinuses
ANTERIOR - onto hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)
MIDDLE - onto lateral wall of middle meatus
POSTERIOR - onto lateral wall of superior meatus & sphenoethmoidal recess

Maxillary sinus - at hiatus semilunaris

MRCS Anatomy by Sanjid (11 decks)

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