Thoracic Wall, Lung, pleura and Diaphragm Anatomy

Question 1

What are the bones of the sternum?

Answer 1

Manubrium (ribs 1 and 2 + jugular notch)
Sternum proper (ibs 3-7)
Xiphisternum (kinda rib 7)

Question 2

How are the ribs arranged?

Answer 2

Ribs 1 to 7 are the true ribs and insert on the sternum
Ribs 8 to 10 insert onto the costal cartilage of rib 7 (false ribs)
The ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs

Question 3

How are the ribs located on the spine?

Answer 3

The rib will be between the number of the vertebra itself, and the vertebra above it. So for example, Rib 7 will articulate from vertebra 7 at the superior costal facet and the inferior costal facet of vertebra 6

Question 4

Where does the neurovascular bundle run in the rib?

Answer 4

In the costal grove of the posterior surface

Question 5

Explain how the ribs are laye out and thenerves to supply the dermatomes?

Answer 5

Nerves come from the anterior rami, and come out underneath the rib in the costal groove, between the internal and innermost oblique muscles.

Question 6

What is the arterial supply to the thorax?

Answer 6

Drawing

Question 7

How does the breast drain lymphatically?

Answer 7

Inferiorly to the abdomen
Medially to the parasternal nodes
Laterally axillary nodes

Question 8

What is the breats blood supply?

Answer 8

Lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial (axillary branch)

internal thoracic artery

Question 9

What are pleural recesses?

Answer 9

costomediastinal recess and costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 10

How are the right and left lung arranged anatomically?

Answer 10

Left Lung: superior lobe anterior, inferior lobe posterior

Right lung: superior and middle lobe anterior, inferior lobe posterior.

Question 11

What are on the lung hila?

Answer 11

The bronchi (maybe a branch to the superior lobe)
Pulmonary artery (single)
Two pulmonary veins

Question 12

At what levels do three important structures pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 12

IVC: T8 (with right vgaus nerve0
Oesophagus: T10
Aorta: T12

Question 13

What are the diaphragmatic ligaments?

Answer 13

Median arcuate ligament
Medial arcuate ligamnets
Lateral arcuate ligaments

Question 14

Where does the right and left crus originate and what does it form?

Answer 14

RIGHT: L3, and helps form the aortic hiatus and the oesophagal hiatus (LOS)

LEFT: L2, forms aortic hiatus (median arcuate) and LOS