Conducting & Respiratory Zones plus blood supply Flashcards
What cells are found from the nasal cavity to the bronchi?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epi; Goblet cells; basal cells
found throughout are brush cells and small granule cells
What are the more specialised lung cells and where are they found?
Clara cells; bronchioles; watery secretions+antibacterial. Are cuboidal.
Type 1 pneumocytes; alveoli; squamous
Type 2 pneumocytes; alveoli; surfactant secreting
alveolar macrophages.
What are the constituents of lung parenchyma?
Collagen, in lamina propria all way, and in interalveolar septa. Provide tension
Elastic fibres, all way through, for elasticity
Cartilage. trachea and bronchi. keep airways open
smooth muscle, airway walls to alveolar ducts. control air flow.
What is mucous secreted from and what is its functions?
Goblet cells and sero mucous glands in submucosa.
The mucous is biphasic, a serous layer where the cilia beat and a viscous upper layer where debris is.
What do different parts of the nasal cavity do to prepare air?
Nares: vibrissae- to filter air
Epithelium: ciliated and goblet cells (moisten and filter)
Rich capillary network to warm air
turbinate bones: conchae- swirling of air to slow it down so more air is humidified, warmed and big particles are thrown onto mucus.
What is the nasal cycle?
The alternating partial congestion and decngestion of the two nasal cavities. One of the inferior turbinates swells. lowering cilia beating frequency meaning more mucus can mositen the epithelium. This prevents dessication of a nostril.
What are features of the trachea?
Anatomy: 10cm, (larynx to T4/T5); C-shaped cartilage joined by trachealis.
Histology: has pseud. column. ciliated epi, goblet cells and basal cells;has glands; cartilage; SM
Function: large patent tube
What are features of the bronchi?
Histology: larger bronchi has pseud. epi, smaller bronchi have columnar ciliated; gland; cartilage; SM
Function: Air conditioning, branching and transition
What are features of bronchioles?
Histology: cuboidal ciliated epithelium; club cells; SM
Function: control air flow
What comprises the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Where does the pulmonary circuit of blood run?
Arteries: Run next to bronchi and respiratory bronchioles; pressure is 15-25 mmHg
Veins: Run in parenchyma; pressure is 0-5 mmHg
Where does the systeic circuit run?
Arteries: with the ariways; pressure is high
Vein: in parenchyma and drain to azygous vein
Where are the two anastomoses?
Pulmonary arteries anastomose with bronchial arteries at the level of the respiratory bronchioles.
Pulmonary veins anastomose with the systemic capillaries in the parenchyma
