Thoracic Wall Lecture Flashcards
Feline ribs, TV, St numbers?
13, 13, 8
Canine ribs, TV, St numbers?
13, 13, 8
Caprine ribs, TV, St numbers?
13, 13, 7
Porcine ribs, TV, St numbers?
14, 14, 6
Bovine ribs, TV, St numbers?
13, 13, 7
What is the importance of the anticlinal vertebra clinically?
imaging
Equine ribs, TV, St numbers?
18, 18, 7
What is kissing spines? Congenital or acquired? Species? Region? Presentation? Treatment? Preventative measure?
Overriding of dorsal spinous processes
Likely acquired
Horse
T13-T18 (saddle)
Back pain, poor performance
Conservative or surgical (in extreme cases)
proper saddle use
What is the general range of sternebrae across species?
6-8
What type of joints do sternebrae have? Site for?
Cartilaginous
Bone marrow harvesting
What is the landmarks for a cranial abdominal incision?
Xiphoid process
Direction of fibers of external intercostal mm.?
Caudoventral
Direction of fibers of internal intercostal mm.?
Cranioventral
What lies in the caudal margin of the intercostal space of the rib?
vessels/nerves
What separated the thoracic/abdominal body cavities?
Diaphragm
Describe the thoracic inlet and its boundaries. What does not pass through the inlet? What does?
Cranial opening to the thoracic cavity
Bound by:
T1
1st ribs and their costal cartilage
manubrium of sternum
Spinal cord
Trachea, esophagus, phrenic n.
Describe the thoracic outlet and its boundaries.
Caudal opening to the thoracic cavity
Bound by:
Last vertebra
last pair of ribs/costal arch
Xiphoid
Diaphragm
What are the visible and palpable features of the thoracic wall?
Last rib
Costal arch
Sternum
Ribs
Intercostal Spaces
Costochondral junctions
How to tell the approximate 5th rib position in horses?
Olecranon level with 5th CCJ
What can you auscultate on right side of body? Left side?
RIGHT
pulmonary
aortic
mitral valve sounds
LEFT
tricuspid
What is an important consideration to arrive at 3rd ICS in horses?
Move the thoracic limb
Lung boundaries of cows?
Straight line from top of last rib to olecranon
What is thoracentesis?
Approach what side of what?
RIGHT approach
LEFT approach
fluid removal
Always caudal margin of rib
RIGHT- 6th-7th ICS (halfway between elbow and shoulder joints)
LEFT - 7th to 9th ICS (halfway between elbow and shoulder joints)
What forms the costal arch?
Continuous line of united costal cartilages
What is the costochondral junction?
junction between osseous and cartilaginous rib
What is the intercostal space?
Space between adjacent ribs filled with muscles, neurovascular/soft tissues
Given the number of ribs present, how many intercostal spaces should there be? Carnivore?
R-1
12
The sternebrae are a site of harvesting of what tissue?
bone marrow
What is the manubrium? Shape?
first sternebra, Club-like enlargement
What is the xiphoid? Shape? Followed by?
last sternebra, flattened, xiphoid cartilage
When may we palpate the xiphoid process?
cranial abdominal incision
Name three muscles of inspiration on the thoracic wall.
Serratus dorsalis m.
Scalenus m.
Rectus thoracis m.
What intercostal muscle is longer?
Internal
Function of external intercostal m.?
Draws ribs together
Name the thoracic wall muscle located on the deep ventral aspect of the lateral walls.
Transversus thoracis m.
Where do the intercostal nerve and vessels pass in relation to the associated rib?
caudal margin of the rib
Name three clinical applications of palpating the external thoracic wall anatomy.
PE, imaging, thoracocentesis, sternal BM aspiration
