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Practical 2 Form and Function > Neck and Back Lecture > Flashcards

Neck and Back Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A

Supports the head, houses spinal cord, attachments for muscle

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2
Q

Write out the vertebral formula for the dog and cat.

A

C7
T13
L7
S3
Cd20+/-

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3
Q

C1 name?

A

atlas

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4
Q

C2 name?

A

axis

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5
Q

C6 name?

A

sled runners

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6
Q

What structure is unique to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Costal fovea

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6
Q

Alanto-axial joint lies? Type of joint?
Common name?

A

C1/C2
synovial
no joint

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7
Q

C7 name?

A

transitional vertebra

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8
Q

Where does the alanto-occipital joint lie?
Type of joint? Common name?

A

Skull/C1
Synovial
Yes joint

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9
Q

Intervertebral disc joint lies? Formed by?

A

Btwn adjacent vertebral bodies
Disc btwn vertebral bodies

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10
Q

What is the function of the outer annulus fibrosis?

A

Strength, binds vertebra together

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10
Q

Movement of intervertebral disc joints?

A

Amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable
Discs work together

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11
Q

Function of inner nucleus pulposus? Consistency?

A

Gelatinous, cushioning

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11
Q

Two components of disc?

A

Outer annulus fibrosus
Inner nucleus pulposus

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12
Q

Dorsal alanto-axial ligament lies between?

A

C1 and C2

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13
Q

Nuchal ligament range? Color?

A

caudal spinous process of C2 to T1, YELLOW

14
Q

Nuchal ligament function?

A

Passive head support

15
Q

What species does not have a nuchal ligament?

16
Q

Supraspinous ligament range?

17
Q

Supraspinous ligament function?

A

Prevents separation of spinous processes when flexed

18
Q

Epaxial mm. cover?

A

Dorsal aspect of vertebrae

19
Q

Hypaxial mm. cover?

A

Ventral aspect of vertebrae

20
Q

List epaxial m. systems in order of most dorsal to least?

A

Tranversospinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

21
Q

Cervical hypaxial mm.?

A

Longus colli, longus capitis

22
Q

Lumbar hypaxial mm.?

A

Quadratus lumborum, psoas minor, psoas major, iliacus

23
Q

What is hemivertebra? Congenital or acquired?

A

vertebrae don’t form properly

24
Q

What is Spondylosis Deformans? Caused by? Congenital or acquired?

A

excessive bone growth, bony spurs/sharp edges, caused by instability
Acquired

25
Q

What is block vertebra? Congenital or acquired?

A

vertebra fused together
Congenital

26
Q

Landmarks for CSP tap? General location?

A
  1. wings of atlas
  2. spinous process of axis
  3. external occipital protuberance
    Alanto-occipital joint
27
Q

What does hypokalemia cause in cats? WHY?

A

Since no nuchal ligament (no passive support of head), they acquire cervical ventroflexion (dropped head)

28
Q

What is alanto-occipital subluxation? Congenital or acquired? Anatomy of vertebra affected? Can lead to?

A

joint misalignment
BOTH
Dens (abnormal or damaged)
Spinal cord compression

Practical 2 Form and Function (6 decks)

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